策略模式(买课)

需求

买课，实现不同身份不同价格策略

简单实现

package com.zhj.策略模式;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Price {
    private Double price = 100.0;
    public Double quote(){
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你的身份？");
        int idCard = scanner.nextInt();
        switch (idCard){
            case 0:
                System.out.println("原价 100 $ ");
                break;
            case 1:
                this.price *= 0.8;
                System.out.println("vip1 打八折 "+ this.price+" $");
                break;
            case 2:
                this.price *= 0.5;
                System.out.println("vip2 打五折"+this.price+" $");
                break;
            default:
                System.out.println("输入有误");
        }
        return this.price;
    }

}

问题1

首先，代码可读性不好 0，1，2代表什么意思

其次，界面与业务逻辑混在一起，耦合度高

public class Price {
    private Double price = 100.0;

    public static final int ORDINARY = 0;
    public static final int VIP1 = 1;
    public static final int VIP2 = 2;


    public Double quote() {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你的身份？");
        Integer idCard = scanner.nextInt();
        switch (idCard) {
            case Price.ORDINARY:
                this.price = getPrice0(this.price);
                break;
            case Price.VIP1:
                this.price = getPrice1(this.price);
                 break;
            case Price.VIP2:
                this.price = getPrice2(this.price);
                break;
            default:
                System.out.println("输入有误");
        }
        return this.price;
    }

    public Double getPrice0(double price) {
        System.out.println("原价 100 $ ");
        return price;
    }
    public Double getPrice1(double price) {
        price *= 0.8;
        System.out.println("vip1 打八折 " + price + " $");
        return price;

    }
    public Double getPrice2(double price) {
        price *= 0.5;
        System.out.println("vip2 打五折 " + price + " $");
        return price;
    }
}

问题2

问题：代码看起来很好，如果有一百种人的计算方法，就需要添加一百个分支

解决：策略模式

// 策略接口
public interface Strategy {
    Double getResult(Double price);
}
// 具体实现类
public class Ordinary implements Strategy{
    @Override
    public Double getResult(Double price) {
        return price;
    }
}
public class ViP1 implements Strategy{

    @Override
    public Double getResult(Double price) {
        return price*0.8;
    }
}
public class ViP2 implements Strategy{

    @Override
    public Double getResult(Double price) {
        return price*0.5;
    }
}
//  context 环境
public class Price {
    private Double price = 100.0;
  	// 这里是用额是依赖关系
		public Double quote(Strategy strategy) {
        System.out.println("此课程需要"+strategy.getResult(this.price)+" $");
        return strategy.getResult(this.price);
    }
}
// test类	
public class MyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Price price = new Price();
        Double quote = price.quote(new Ordinary());
        System.out.println(quote);
    }
}

还可以用 组合关系

public class Price {
    private Double price = 100.0;
    private Strategy strategy;

    public Price(Strategy strategy) {
        this.strategy = strategy;
    }
  	public Double quote() {
        System.out.println("此课程需要"+this.strategy.getResult(this.price)+" $");
        return this.strategy.getResult(this.price);
    }

}

用反射来实现

public class Price {
    private Double price = 100.0;


    public Double quote() {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你的身份？");
        String className = scanner.next();
        Double result = null;
        try {
            Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.zhj.策略模式." + className);
            Constructor<?> constructor = aClass.getConstructor();
            Strategy strategy = (Strategy) constructor.newInstance();
            result = strategy.getResult(this.price);
            System.out.println("此课程需要的价格 "+result+" ¥");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return result;


    }
}