【Spring【IOC】】——11、了解BeanPostProcessor后置处理器

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1、介绍

BeanPostProcessor在Spring中是一个很强大的后置处理器接口，常用于注解处理，比如我们常用的@Value本质就是用这个后置处理器处理，那么BeanPostProcessor长的是什么样子的呢？代码如下。

/*
 * Copyright 2002-2019 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.beans.factory.config;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;

/**
 * Factory hook that allows for custom modification of new bean instances —
 * for example, checking for marker interfaces or wrapping beans with proxies.
 *
 * <p>Typically, post-processors that populate beans via marker interfaces
 * or the like will implement {@link #postProcessBeforeInitialization},
 * while post-processors that wrap beans with proxies will normally
 * implement {@link #postProcessAfterInitialization}.
 *
 * <h3>Registration</h3>
 * <p>An {@code ApplicationContext} can autodetect {@code BeanPostProcessor} beans
 * in its bean definitions and apply those post-processors to any beans subsequently
 * created. A plain {@code BeanFactory} allows for programmatic registration of
 * post-processors, applying them to all beans created through the bean factory.
 *
 * <h3>Ordering</h3>
 * <p>{@code BeanPostProcessor} beans that are autodetected in an
 * {@code ApplicationContext} will be ordered according to
 * {@link org.springframework.core.PriorityOrdered} and
 * {@link org.springframework.core.Ordered} semantics. In contrast,
 * {@code BeanPostProcessor} beans that are registered programmatically with a
 * {@code BeanFactory} will be applied in the order of registration; any ordering
 * semantics expressed through implementing the
 * {@code PriorityOrdered} or {@code Ordered} interface will be ignored for
 * programmatically registered post-processors. Furthermore, the
 * {@link org.springframework.core.annotation.Order @Order} annotation is not
 * taken into account for {@code BeanPostProcessor} beans.
 *
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @author Sam Brannen
 * @since 10.10.2003
 * @see InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor
 * @see DestructionAwareBeanPostProcessor
 * @see ConfigurableBeanFactory#addBeanPostProcessor
 * @see BeanFactoryPostProcessor
 */
public interface BeanPostProcessor {

	/**
	 * Apply this {@code BeanPostProcessor} to the given new bean instance <i>before</i> any bean
	 * initialization callbacks (like InitializingBean's {@code afterPropertiesSet}
	 * or a custom init-method). The bean will already be populated with property values.
	 * The returned bean instance may be a wrapper around the original.
	 * <p>The default implementation returns the given {@code bean} as-is.
	 * @param bean the new bean instance
	 * @param beanName the name of the bean
	 * @return the bean instance to use, either the original or a wrapped one;
	 * if {@code null}, no subsequent BeanPostProcessors will be invoked
	 * @throws org.springframework.beans.BeansException in case of errors
	 * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean#afterPropertiesSet
	 */
	@Nullable
	default Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
		return bean;
	}

	/**
	 * Apply this {@code BeanPostProcessor} to the given new bean instance <i>after</i> any bean
	 * initialization callbacks (like InitializingBean's {@code afterPropertiesSet}
	 * or a custom init-method). The bean will already be populated with property values.
	 * The returned bean instance may be a wrapper around the original.
	 * <p>In case of a FactoryBean, this callback will be invoked for both the FactoryBean
	 * instance and the objects created by the FactoryBean (as of Spring 2.0). The
	 * post-processor can decide whether to apply to either the FactoryBean or created
	 * objects or both through corresponding {@code bean instanceof FactoryBean} checks.
	 * <p>This callback will also be invoked after a short-circuiting triggered by a
	 * {@link InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor#postProcessBeforeInstantiation} method,
	 * in contrast to all other {@code BeanPostProcessor} callbacks.
	 * <p>The default implementation returns the given {@code bean} as-is.
	 * @param bean the new bean instance
	 * @param beanName the name of the bean
	 * @return the bean instance to use, either the original or a wrapped one;
	 * if {@code null}, no subsequent BeanPostProcessors will be invoked
	 * @throws org.springframework.beans.BeansException in case of errors
	 * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean#afterPropertiesSet
	 * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean
	 */
	@Nullable
	default Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
		return bean;
	}

}

• 我们可以发现其主要有两个方法，见名思意可知一个是初始化之前，初始化之后。
• postProcessBeforeInitialization方法会在bean实例化和属性设置之后，自定义初始化方法之前被调用，而postProcessAfterInitialization方法会在自定义初始化方法之后被调用。当容器中存在多个BeanPostProcessor的实现类时，会按照它们在容器中注册的顺序执行。对于自定义的BeanPostProcessor实现类，还可以让其实现Ordered接口自定义排序。
• 我们可以通过BeanPostProcessor处理一些自己的逻辑。

2、实例

2.1、创建TestBeanPostProcessor类

• 首先我们写一个TestBeanPostProcessor类去实现BeanPostProcessor接口，如果需要需要指定执行顺序，自行实现Ordered接口（可选），代码如下

package com.zhz.beanpostprocessor;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * 后置处理器，在初始化前后进行处理工作
 *
 * @author zhouhengzhe
 * @date 2022/11/24
 */
@Component // 将后置处理器加入到容器中，这样的话，Spring就能让它工作了
public class TestBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor, Ordered {
    @Override
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("postProcessBeforeInitialization=>"+beanName+":=>"+bean);
        return bean;
    }

    @Override
    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("postProcessAfterInitialization=>"+beanName+":=>"+bean);
        return bean;
    }

    
    @Override
    public int getOrder() {
        return 0;
    }
}

2.2、创建普通Bean

我们创建一个普通bean去实现InitializingBean, DisposableBean，好验证一下跟BeanPostProcessor之间的执行关系。

package com.zhz.bean;

import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;

/**
 * @author zhouhengzhe
 * @date 2022/11/23
 */
@Data
public class PostPerson implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean {

    // 在对象创建完成并且属性赋值完成之后调用
    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        System.out.println("postConstruct..init.");
    }

    // 在容器销毁（移除）对象之前调用
    @PreDestroy
    public void preDestroy() {
        System.out.println("PreDestroy...preDestroy");
    }

    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("PostPerson afterPropertiesSet...");
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("PostPerson destroy...");
    }
}

2.3、配置类

package com.zhz.config;

import com.zhz.bean.PostPerson;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * 生命周期相关配置
 * @author zhouhengzhe
 * @date 2022/11/21
 */
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.zhz.beanpostprocessor")
public class MainConfigByLifeCycle {

    @Bean
    public PostPerson personPerson() {
        return new PostPerson();
    }

}

2.4、测试类

  @Test
    public void test4ByPostConstruct(){
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MainConfigByLifeCycle.class);
        applicationContext.close();
    }

2.5、运行结果

由上面的运行结果可知，执行顺序为：

• postProcessBeforeInitialization=>@postConstruct=>InitializingBean(afterPropertiesSet)=>postProcessAfterInitialization=>@PreDestroy=>DisposableBean(destroy)

3、作用

• 后置处理器可用于bean对象初始化前后进行逻辑增强。Spring提供了BeanPostProcessor接口的很多实现类，例如AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor用于@Autowired注解的实现，AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator用于Spring AOP的动态代理等等。