Docker源码分析二：Docker Client

Docker Client是Docker架构中用户与Docker Daemon建立通信的客户端。本文基于Docker 18.02.0-ce的源码分析Docker Client的内容。主要包括两个部分，分别是：

• Docker Client的创建
• Docker Client对命令的执行

---

1、Docker Client的创建

对于Docker这样一个C/S架构，客户端的存在意味着Docker相应任务的发起。用户首先要创建一个Docker Client，然后将特定的请求类型与参数传递至Docker Client，最终由Docker Client转义成Docker Server能识别的形式，并发送至Docker Server。
Docker Client的main函数位于docker-ce/components/cli/cmd/docker/docker.go，代码如下。

func main() {
    // Set terminal emulation based on platform as required.
    stdin, stdout, stderr := term.StdStreams()
    logrus.SetOutput(stderr)

    // 创建Cli，返回一个DockerCli实例
    dockerCli := command.NewDockerCli(stdin, stdout, stderr)
    // 创建cmd，配置一定的参数并添加所有子命令
    cmd := newDockerCommand(dockerCli)

    // 执行cmd
    if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
        if sterr, ok := err.(cli.StatusError); ok {
            if sterr.Status != "" {
                fmt.Fprintln(stderr, sterr.Status)
            }
            // StatusError should only be used for errors, and all errors should
            // have a non-zero exit status, so never exit with 0
            if sterr.StatusCode == 0 {
                os.Exit(1)
            }
            os.Exit(sterr.StatusCode)
        }
        fmt.Fprintln(stderr, err)
        os.Exit(1)
    }
}

1）NewDockerCli方法位于docker-ce/components/cli/cli/command/cli.go文件，它返回一个DockerCli类型的对象实例。代码如下：

// DockerCli is an instance the docker command line client.
// Instances of the client can be returned from NewDockerCli.
type DockerCli struct {   
    configFile *configfile.ConfigFile
    in         *InStream
    out        *OutStream
    err        io.Writer
    client     client.APIClient
    serverInfo ServerInfo
    clientInfo ClientInfo  
}

// ServerInfo stores details about the supported features and platform of the server
type ServerInfo struct {
    HasExperimental bool
    OSType          string
}

// ClientInfo stores details about the supported features of the client
type ClientInfo struct {
    HasExperimental bool
    DefaultVersion  string   //api.defaultVersion or DOCKER_API_VERSION
    Orchestrator    Orchestrator
}

// NewDockerCli returns a DockerCli instance with IO output and error streams set by in, out and err.
func NewDockerCli(in io.ReadCloser, out, err io.Writer) *DockerCli {
    return &DockerCli{in: NewInStream(in), out: NewOutStream(out), err: err}   // 创建并初始化DockerCli类型的对象实例
}

2）newDockerCommand与main函数同在docker-ce/components/cli/cmd/docker/docker.go文件中，它根据DockerCli类型的对象实例，返回cobra.Command对象实例。
先了解几个库：

    "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"  //结构话的log库
    "github.com/spf13/cobra"    //命令行的库
    "github.com/spf13/pflag"    //用于替代go自身的flag包

newDockerCommand的代码如下：

// DockerCli实现了Command.Cli接口
func newDockerCommand(dockerCli *command.DockerCli) *cobra.Command {  
    opts := cliflags.NewClientOptions()   //配置