Python中的装饰器理解
主要记住两个例子就好:
1.装饰器含有不确定参数
需要注意:
1.装饰器的参数func为函数,装饰器内部函数_deco的参数*args, **kwargs为func函数传入的不确定性变量。
2.装饰器以输出的函数作为形参,返回内部自定义的函数;内部自定义的函数返回形参传入的函数;所以可认为,装饰器传入函数,返回的还是这个函数,只不过是处理过后的函数。
def deco(func):
def _deco(*args, **kwargs):
print("before %s called." % func.__name__)
ret = func(*args, **kwargs)
print(" after %s called. result: %s" % (func.__name__, ret))
return ret
return _deco
@deco
def myfunc(a, b):
print(" myfunc(%s,%s) called." % (a, b))
return a+b
@deco
def myfunc2(a, b, c):
print(" myfunc2(%s,%s,%s) called." % (a, b, c))
return a+b+c
myfunc(1, 2)
myfunc(3, 4)
myfunc2(1, 2, 3)
myfunc2(3, 4, 5)
输出结果:
before myfunc called.
myfunc(1,2) called.
after myfunc called. result: 3
before myfunc called.
myfunc(3,4) called.
after myfunc called. result: 7
before myfunc2 called.
myfunc2(1,2,3) called.
after myfunc2 called. result: 6
before myfunc2 called.
myfunc2(3,4,5) called.
after myfunc2 called. result: 12
2.带参数的装饰器
需要明白的是:
1.deco(arg)和_deco(func)的括号里带的是变量还是函数;
2.遇到带参数的装饰器,可以去掉最外层def deco(arg):把他当成普通装饰器看待;
def deco(arg):
def _deco(func):
def __deco():
print("before %s called [%s]." % (func.__name__, arg))
func()
print(" after %s called [%s]." % (func.__name__, arg))
return __deco
return _deco
@deco("mymodule")
def myfunc():
print(" myfunc() called.")
@deco("module2")
def myfunc2():
print(" myfunc2() called.")
myfunc()
myfunc2()
返回结果:
before myfunc called [mymodule].
myfunc() called.
after myfunc called [mymodule].
before myfunc2 called [module2].
myfunc2() called.
after myfunc2 called [module2].