jackson注解使用说明

GitHub:https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-annotations

1、属性命名(Property Naming)

 @JsonProperty:用于指明属性的名称。

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.ToString;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Builder
@ToString
@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown=true)
public class Article {

    private Long id;
    
    private String title;
    
    private String description;
    
    private List<Author> authors;
    
    //createDate->create_date
    @JsonProperty("create_date")
    private Date createDate;
}

测试:

	@Test
	public void jsonPropertyTest() throws IOException {
		List<Author> authors = Lists.newArrayList(
				Author.builder().name("zyc").fields(Lists.newArrayList("java", "sql")).build(),
				Author.builder().name("llp").fields(Lists.newArrayList("cad", "excel")).build());
		Article article = Article.builder().authors(authors).createDate(new Date()).description("use @JsonProperty change the property name.").id(168L)
				.title("testJsonProperty").build();
		ObjectMapper objMapper = new ObjectMapper();
		//序列化
		String jsonStr = objMapper.writeValueAsString(article);
		System.out.println("序列化结果:" + jsonStr);
		//反序列化
		Article atl = objMapper.readValue(jsonStr, Article.class);
		System.out.println("反序列化结果:" + atl);
	}
序列化结果:{"id":168,"title":"testJsonProperty","description":"use @JsonProperty change the property name.","authors":[{"name":"zyc","fields":["java","sql"]},{"name":"llp","fields":["cad","excel"]}],"create_date":1521046139016}
反序列化结果:Article(id=168, title=testJsonProperty, description=use @JsonProperty change the property name., authors=[Author(name=zyc, fields=[java, sql]), Author(name=llp, fields=[cad, excel])], createDate=Thu Mar 15 00:48:59 CST 2018)

2、属性包含(Property Inclusion)

@JsonAutoDetect:用于指定自动发现字段的级别。

fieldVisibility:字段属性的可见范围。

getterVisibility:getter的可见范围(对象序列化成json字符串时的可见范围)。

isGetterVisibility:is-getter的可见范围(如boolean类型的getter)。

setterVisibility:setter的可见范围(json字符串反序列化成对象时的可见范围)。

creatorVisibility:构造方法的可见范围。

可见范围是一个枚举,包括:

Visibility.ANY:表示从private到public修饰,都可见。

Visibility.NON_PRIVATE:表示除private修饰不可见外,其他都可见。

Visibility.PROTECTED_AND_PUBLIC:protected和public可见。

Visibility.PUBLIC_ONLY:仅public可见。

Visibility.NONE:所以皆不可见。

Visibility.DEFAULT:缺省,所有被public修饰的属性、getter和所有setter(不管能见度)皆可见。

测试属性可见性:

先试ANY,protected修饰可见

@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown=true)
@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility=Visibility.ANY)
public class Person {
	
	protected String name = "zyc";
	
	public boolean boy = true;

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Person [name=" + name + ", boy=" + boy + "]";
	}
	
}
        @Test
	public void JsonAutoDetectTest() throws IOException {
		Person person = new Person();
		ObjectMapper objMapper = new ObjectMapper();
		// 序列化
		String jsonStr = objMapper.writeValueAsString(person);
		System.out.println("序列化结果:" + jsonStr);
		// 反序列化
		Person p = objMapper.readValue("{\"name\":\"llp\", \"boy\":true}", Person.class);
		System.out.println("反序列化结果:" + p);
	}
序列化结果:{"name":"zyc","boy":true}
反序列化结果:Person [name=llp, boy=true]

再试PUBLIC_ONLY,protected不可见

@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown=true)
@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility=Visibility.PUBLIC_ONLY)
public class Person {
	
	protected String name = "zyc";
	
	public boolean boy = true;

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Person [name=" + name + ", boy=" + boy + "]";
	}
	
}
序列化结果:{"boy":true}
反序列化结果:Person [name=zyc, boy=true]

测试getter、setter可见性

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect.Visibility;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;

@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown=true)
@JsonAutoDetect(getterVisibility=Visibility.NON_PRIVATE)
public class Person {
    
    private String name = "zyc";
    
    private boolean boy = true;

    //getterVisibility=Visibility.NON_PRIVATE: protected 修饰的name可见
    protected String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    //setter默认所有可见,所以反序列化都会被赋值
    private void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    //isGetterVisibility默认为public修饰可见,所有序列化时,没有boy属性
    private boolean isBoy() {
        return boy;
    }

    private void setBoy(boolean boy) {
        this.boy = boy;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person [name=" + name + ", boy=" + boy + "]";
    }
    
}

序列化结果:{"name":"zyc"}
反序列化结果:Person [name=llp, boy=true]

@JsonIgnore:用于忽略指定属性,当该注解出现在field、getter、setter或者构造方法中任意一个上时,都意味着忽略所有(即序列化和反序列化都被忽略);有一种情况,当getter上注解@JsonIgnore而setter上注解@JsonProperty,就会出现“只读”情况(read from input, but is not written output)。

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnore;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;

public class House {
	
	private String name;
	
	//仅仅注解 @JsonIgnore时,序列化和反序列化都忽略
	@JsonIgnore
//	@JsonProperty
	private String address;

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getAddress() {
		return address;
	}

	public void setAddress(String address) {
		this.address = address;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "House [name=" + name + ", address=" + address + "]";
	}

}
@Test
    public void JsonIgnoreTest() throws Exception {
        House house = new House();
        house.setName("my house");
        house.setAddress("深圳");
        ObjectMapper objMapper = new ObjectMapper();
        // address被忽略
        String jsonStr = objMapper.writeValueAsString(house);
        System.out.println("序列化结果:" + jsonStr);
        // address被忽略
        House h = objMapper.readValue("{\"name\":\"your house\", \"address\":\"深圳南山\"}", House.class);
        System.out.println("反序列化结果:" + h);
    }

序列化结果:{"name":"my house"}
反序列化结果:House [name=your house, address=null]
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnore;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;

public class House {
	
	private String name;
	
	//仅仅注解 @JsonIgnore时,序列化和反序列化都忽略
	@JsonIgnore
	//在属性上添加 @JsonProperty,结果是忽略不生效
	@JsonProperty
	private String address;

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getAddress() {
		return address;
	}

	public void setAddress(String address) {
		this.address = address;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "House [name=" + name + ", address=" + address + "]";
	}

}

序列化结果:{"name":"my house","address":"深圳"}
反序列化结果:House [name=your house, address=深圳南山] 
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnore;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;

public class House {
    
    private String name;
    
    //仅仅注解 @JsonIgnore时,序列化和反序列化都忽略
    @JsonIgnore
    private String address;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    //setter注解@JsonProperty,忽略被取消,和注解在属性上一样结果
    @JsonProperty
    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "House [name=" + name + ", address=" + address + "]";
    }

}

序列化结果:{"name":"my house","address":"深圳"}
反序列化结果:House [name=your house, address=深圳南山]
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnore;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;

public class House {
	
	private String name;
	
	private String address;

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	//getter注解 @JsonIgnore
	@JsonIgnore
	public String getAddress() {
		return address;
	}

	//setter注解@JsonProperty,出现“只读”情况
	@JsonProperty
	public void setAddress(String address) {
		this.address = address;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "House [name=" + name + ", address=" + address + "]";
	}

}
序列化结果:{"name":"my house"}
反序列化结果:House [name=your house, address=深圳南山]
结论:当仅出现@JsonIgnore时,属性序列化和反序列化都被忽略;当@JsonIgnore和@JsonProperty同时出现,并且不是getter注解@JsonIgnore,setter注解@JsonProperty时,属性忽略被取消,正常序列化反序列化;当getter注解@JsonIgnore,setter注解@JsonProperty时,出现“只读”(getter注解@JsonProperty,setter注解@JsonIgnore是不存在只写的情况的^_^)。


@JsonIgnoreProperties:作用于实体类的注解(注解在属性貌似没效果),用于忽略某些属性,如果指定ignoreUnknown=true,则反序列化时忽略所有未知的属性;allowGetters使得被忽略的属性在序列化时是可见的,即序列化时忽略失效了;allowSetters对应反序列化。

@JsonIgnoreProperties(value={"cpu", "mainboard"}, allowGetters=true)
public class Computer {
	
	private String cpu;
	
	private String memory;
	
	private String os;

	public String getCpu() {
		return cpu;
	}

	public void setCpu(String cpu) {
		this.cpu = cpu;
	}

	public String getMemory() {
		return memory;
	}

	public void setMemory(String memory) {
		this.memory = memory;
	}

	public String getOs() {
		return os;
	}

	public void setOs(String os) {
		this.os = os;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Computer [cpu=" + cpu + ", memory=" + memory + ", os=" + os + "]";
	}
@Test
	public void JsonIgnorePropertiesTest() throws Exception {
		Computer cpt = new Computer();
		cpt.setCpu("i7-U6700HQ");
		cpt.setMemory("16G");
		cpt.setOs("windows 10");
		// 序列化
		ObjectMapper objMapper = new ObjectMapper();
		String jsonStr = objMapper.writeValueAsString(cpt);
		System.out.println("序列化结果:" + jsonStr);
		// 注意这里,如果忽略的属性数组里不包含mainboard,则会抛出com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.exc.UnrecognizedPropertyException异常
		Computer computer = objMapper.readValue(
				"{\"cpu\":\"爱妻六代\", \"os\":\"centos7\",\"memory\":\"8G\",\"mainboard\":\"华硕主板\"}", Computer.class);
		System.out.println("反序列化结果:" + computer);
	}
序列化结果:{"cpu":"i7-U6700HQ","memory":"16G","os":"windows 10"}
反序列化结果:Computer [cpu=null, memory=8G, os=centos7]

@JsonIgnoreType:作用于类,表示被注解该类型的属性(这里不是指被注解类的成员变量,而是被注解类作为别的类的成员变量)将不会被序列化和反序列化。@JsonIgnoreType(value=false)表示该注解不起作用,默认为true。

public class Car {
	
	private String name;
	
	private double price;
	
	private Owner owner;

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public double getPrice() {
		return price;
	}

	public void setPrice(double price) {
		this.price = price;
	}

	public Owner getOwner() {
		return owner;
	}

	public void setOwner(Owner owner) {
		this.owner = owner;
	}

}
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreType;

@JsonIgnoreType
public class Owner {
	
	private String name;
	
	public Owner() {
	}

	public Owner(String name) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Owner [name=" + name + "]";
	}

}
@Test
	public void JsonIgnoreTypeTest() throws JsonProcessingException {
		Car car = new Car();
		car.setName("迈腾");
		car.setPrice(23.49);
		car.setOwner(new Owner("zyc"));
		
		ObjectMapper objMapper = new ObjectMapper();
		String jsonStr = objMapper.writeValueAsString(car);
		System.out.println("结果:" + jsonStr);
	}
结果:{"name":"迈腾","price":23.49}
@JsonInclude:用于定义序列化时是否包括某些“non-values”(空值或空值);可作用于属性,也可以用于类(对类的所有属性有效)。
  • Include.ALWAYS表示无论对象的属性是不是空,都输出到json字符串中
  • Include.NON_NULL表示序列化生成的json字符串仅包括非null的字段属性,为null的属性被忽略
  • Include.NON_ABSENT相当于NON_NULL的增强版,比如jdk和谷歌Guava的Optional类型对象,不是null,但它的isPresent方法返回false
  • Include.NON_EMPTY表示非空:指非null,非"",集合isEmpty()==true等都将被忽略
  • Include.NON_DEFAULT表示属性值为缺省值时不序列化,如int类型属性==0,String类型属性==null等
  • Include.CUSTOM这个要结合注解JsonInclude.valueFilterJsonInclude.contentFilter使用,这两个注解会指定一个Class,然后默认调用这个Class的空参构造方法,返回的对象eques属性值的话,序列化时就忽略。如使用注解:@JsonInclude(valueFilter=String.class),然后javabean中String name="";则这个name在序列化为json时将被忽略,因为"".equals(new String())
  • Include.USE_DEFAULTS理解不了:Pseudo-value used to indicate that the higher-level defaults make sense, to avoid overriding inclusion value. For example, if returned for a property this would use defaults for the class that contains property, if any defined; and if none defined for that, then global serialization inclusion details.









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