C++多态为什么要定义虚析构函数

请看父类Base类没有定义虚析构函数的例子：

#include <iostream>

class Base
{
public:
	virtual int start()
	{
		std::cout<<"Base::start"<<std::endl;
	}
	~Base()
	{
		std::cout<<"Base::~Base() "<<std::endl;
	}
};

class Derived : public Base
{
public:
    virtual	int start()
	{
		m_pInt = new int [10];
		std::cout<<"Derived::start()"<<std::endl;
	}
	~Derived()
	{
		std::cout<<"Derived::~Derived()"<<std::endl;
		if(NULL != m_pInt)
		{
			delete m_pInt;
			m_pInt = NULL;
		}
	}

private:
	int *m_pInt;
};


int main()
{
	Base *pBase = new Derived();
	pBase->start();
	delete pBase;
	pBase = NULL;

	return 0;
}

执行结果

对不起，使用基类指向派生类，释放类对象时，没有执行到Derived类的析构函数，使得Derived类申请有堆内存或者申请有资源的情况，会造成内存泄漏或资源泄漏。

 

 

解决方法：  基类的析构函数定义为虚析构函数，这样的使用基类指向派生类，删除基类指针时，能执行到Derived类的析构函数。

#include <iostream>

class Base
{
public:
	virtual int start()
	{
		std::cout<<"Base::start"<<std::endl;
	}
	virtual ~Base()
	{
		std::cout<<"Base::~Base() "<<std::endl;
	}
};

class Derived : public Base
{
public:
    virtual	int start()
	{
		m_pInt = new int [10];
		std::cout<<"Derived::start()"<<std::endl;
	}
	virtual ~Derived()
	{
		std::cout<<"Derived::~Derived()"<<std::endl;
		if(NULL != m_pInt)
		{
			delete m_pInt;
			m_pInt = NULL;
		}
	}

private:
	int *m_pInt;
};


int main()
{
	Base *pBase = new Derived();
	pBase->start();
	delete pBase;
	pBase = NULL;
	return 0;
}