openpyxl简介
openpyxl(可读写excel表)专门处理Excel2007及以上版本产生的xlsx文件,xls和xlsx之间转换容易 注意:如果文字编码是“gb2312” 读取后就会显示乱码,请先转成Unicode
openpyxl操作excel核心对象
Excel文件三个对象
workbook: 工作簿,一个excel文件包含多个sheet。
sheet:工作表,一个workbook有多个,表名识别,如“sheet1”,“sheet2”等。
cell: 单元格,存储数据对象
openpyxl 核心对象功能代码片段
excel 读取:
#导入openpyxl package
import openpyxl
#打开一个已有工作簿
f = openpyxl.load_workbook('test.xlsx')
sheet读取相关操作
#获取sheet名称列表
name_list = f.sheetnames
name_list = f.get_sheet_names()
#通过名称调用sheet
table = f['name']
table = f.get_sheet_by_name('name')
#通过检索调用sheet
table = f.get_sheet_by_name(sheet_names[index])
#调用正在运行的sheet,一般为最后一个
table = f.active
#改变sheet的名字
table.title = 'newname'
单元格读取相关操作
#读取单元格或范围切片
c = table['A1'] #获取'A1',返回class
c = table.cell(row = 1,column = 1) #按行列数获读取
row5 = table[5] #获取第5行,返回元组
colA = table['C'] #获取C列
cell_range = table['A1':'B4'] #获取范围切片元组
row_range = table[5:8] #5到8行
col_range['A:D'] #A到D列
#按行列数读取范围切片
for row in table.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2): #按行读取
for col in table.iter_cols(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2): #按列读取
table.max_row #最大行数
table.max_column #最大列数
table.rows #按行遍历
table.columns #按列遍历
#读取单元格的值
c = table['A2'].value #按位置读取
c = table.cell(row = 1,column = 1).value #按行列数读取
注意:openpyxl中按行列数检索时参数名‘row =’及‘column =’ 不能省略,而且均从1开始计数,这与xlrd有所不同
openpyxl 读取指定*.xlsx 文件实例:
# 引入第三库:openpyxl
import openpyxl
# 加载指定*.xlsx文件
file = openpyxl.load_workbook("C:\\11.xlsx")
# 获取指定名称的Sheet
sheet_1 = file.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet1')
#获取有数据的最大行数
row_number = sheet_1.max_row
print(row_number)
# 遍历输出行记录
for i in range(2,row_number):
print(i)
# 输出行记录,指定单元格内容值
value1 = sheet_1.cell(i,1).value
print(value1)
excel的创建及更改
#导入openpyxl package
import openpyxl
#创建一个工作簿
f = openpyxl.Workbook()
sheet新建相关操作
每次新建一个工作簿会默认生成一个名称为“Sheet1”的工作表,可以先将其利用起来,操作与前面相同,比如:
table = f.active
#or
table = f['Sheet1']
当需要更多的工作表时,可以创建新的sheet
#创建sheet
table = f.create_sheet('AD') #创建并插入末尾
table = f.create_sheet('AD',0) #创建并插入首位
#可以通过RGB色值设置sheet标签颜色
table.sheet_properties.tabColor = 'RRGGBB'
#复制一个工作表
target = f.copy_worksheet(table)
单元格写入相关操作
table['A2'] = 4 #单元格写入
table['A1'] = '=SUM(1,1)' #按公式写入
#按行列数写入
table.cell(row = 3,column = 1,value = 10)
table.cell(row = 3,column = 1).value = 10
#单元格合并与分解
table.merge_cells('A1:B1') #按位置
table.unmerge_cells('A1:B1')
table.merge_cells(star_row = 2,star_column = 1,end_row = 2,end_column = 4) #按行列号
table.unmerge_cells(start_row = 2,star_column = 1,end_row = 2,end_column = 4)
#插入图片
img = openpyxl.drawing.image.Image('demo.png')
table.add_image(img,'A1')
#保存文件
f.template = True #存为模板
f.save('demo.xlsx', as_template = False)
excel 格式控制
openpyxl中提供的Style方法用于调整表格的外观,如字体格式、边框、对齐方式、单元格背景、保护等。
# 导入相关模块
from openpyxl.styles import PatternFill, Border, Side, Alignment, Protection, Font
#字体格式
font0 = Font(name='Calibri',
size=11,
bold=False,
italic=False,
vertAlign=None, #Maybe:'baseline', 'superscript', 'subscript'
underline='none', #Maybe:'single','double','singleAccounting','doubleAccounting'
strike=False,
color='FF00FF00')
#单元格填充
fill0 = PatternFill(fill_type=None,
#Maybe:'lightUp', 'darkVertical', 'darkGrid', 'solid', 'darkHorizontal', 'darkUp', 'lightVertical', 'lightGray', 'darkTrellis', 'lightDown', 'gray125', 'gray0625', 'mediumGray', 'lightTrellis', 'darkGray', 'darkDown', 'lightHorizontal', 'lightGrid'
start_color='FFFFFFFF',
end_color='FF000000')
#边框
border0 = Border(left=Side(border_style=None,color='FF000000'),
#style Maybe:'mediumDashDotDot', 'dotted', 'thick', 'medium', 'dashDotDot', 'double', 'dashed', 'mediumDashed', 'dashDot', 'mediumDashDot', 'hair', 'slantDashDot', 'thin'
right=Side(border_style=None,color='FF000000'),
top=Side(border_style=None,color='FF000000'),
bottom=Side(border_style=None,color='FF000000'),
diagonal=Side(border_style=None,color='FF000000'),
diagonal_direction=0,
outline=Side(border_style=None,color='FF000000'),
vertical=Side(border_style=None,color='FF000000'),
horizontal=Side(border_style=None,color='FF000000')
)
#对齐方式
alignment0 = Alignment(horizontal='general', #Maybe:'centerContinuous', 'fill', 'right', 'distributed', 'justify', 'general', 'center', 'left'
vertical='bottom',
text_rotation=0,
wrap_text=False,
shrink_to_fit=False,
indent=0)
#表格保护
protection0 = Protection(locked=True,
hidden=False)
excel 格式应用实践
# 导入相关模块
from openpyxl.styles import NamedStyle
# 创建格式
style0 = NamedStyle(name = 'style_example')
#格式赋值
style0.font = font0
style0.alignment = alignment0
style0.border = border0
style0.fill = fill0
style0.Protection = protection0
#格式调用
#单属性调用
table['A1'].font = font0
table['A1'].alignment = alignment0
table.cell(row = 1,column = 1).border = border0
#按名称调用
table['A1'].style = style0
table['A1'].style = 'style_example'
table.cell(row = 1,column = 1).style = style0
openpyxl 格式化成绩单实例:
import openpyxl
from openpyxl.styles import NamedStyle, Border, Side, Alignment
# 生成工作簿及sheet
f = openpyxl.Workbook()
table = f.active
table.title = '成绩单'
# 信息列表
subject_list = ['语文','思想品德','数学','科学']
info_list = [
['小明',22,80,85,90,77],
['小红',23,91,88,95,90],
['李华',24,75,70,98,100]
]
# 创建表头
table.merge_cells('A1:A2')
table.cell(row = 1,column = 1,value = '姓名')
table.merge_cells('B1:B2')
table.cell(row = 1,column = 2,value = '学号')
table.merge_cells('C1:D1')
table.cell(row = 1,column = 3,value = '文科')
table.merge_cells('E1:F1')
table.cell(row = 1,column = 5,value = '理科')
for i in range(4):
table.cell(row = 2,column = i+3,value = subject_list[i])
# 写入信息
for obs in range(3):
for info in range(6):
table.cell(row = obs+3,column = info+1,value = info_list[obs][info])
# 设置单元格格式,其中字体及背景为默认
style0 = NamedStyle('style0')
style0.border = Border(left=Side(border_style='thin'),
right=Side(border_style='thin'),
top=Side(border_style='thin'),
bottom=Side(border_style='thin'))
style0.alignment = Alignment(horizontal='center',vertical='center',)
# 格式应用
for row in table.rows:
for cell in row:
cell.style = style0
# 保存文件
f.save("score.xlsx")