环境要求
master(2C/4G,cpu核心数要求大于2) 192.168.226.40 docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel
node01(2C/2G) 192.168.226.50 docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel
node02(2C/2G) 192.168.226.60 docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel
Harbor节点(hub.jmi.com) 192.168.226.70 docker、docker-compose、harbor-offline-v1.2.2
1、在所有节点上安装Docker和kubeadm
2、部署Kubernetes Master
3、部署容器网络插件
4、部署 Kubernetes Node,将节点加入Kubernetes集群中
5、部署 Dashboard Web 页面,可视化查看Kubernetes资源
6、部署 Harbor 私有仓库,存放镜像资源
环境准备
1,所有节点,关闭防火墙规则,关闭selinux,关闭swap交换
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
iptables -F
swapoff -a
#加载 ip_vs 模块
for i in $(ls /usr/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs|grep -o "^[^.]*");do echo $i; /sbin/modinfo -F filename $i >/dev/null 2>&1 && /sbin/modprobe $i;done
2,修改主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname master
hostnamectl set-hostname node01
hostnamectl set-hostname node02
3,所有节点修改hosts文件
vim /etc/hosts
192.168.226.40 master
192.168.226.50 node01
192.168.226.60 node02
4,调整内核参数
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf << EOF
#开启网桥模式,可将网桥的流量传递给iptables链
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
#关闭ipv6协议
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
EOF
sysctl --system #生效参数
所有节点安装docker
1,加载阿里云源,并安装docker服务
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
2,设置并开启阿里云镜像加速功能
mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://ek0mda0m.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m"
}
}
EOF
使用Systemd管理的Cgroup来进行资源控制与管理,因为相对Cgroupfs而言,Systemd限制CPU、内存等资源更加简单和成熟稳定。
日志使用json-file格式类型存储,大小为100M,保存在/var/log/containers目录下,方便ELK等日志系统收集和管理日志。
3,重载服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker.service
systemctl enable docker.service
所有节点安装kubeadm,kubelet和kubectl
1,定义kubernetes源
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
2,安装服务
yum install -y kubelet-1.15.1 kubeadm-1.15.1 kubectl-1.15.1
3,设置开机自启kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet.service
K8S通过kubeadm安装出来以后都是以Pod方式存在,即底层是以容器方式运行,所以kubelet必须设置开机自启
部署K8S集群
1,查看初始化需要的镜像
kubeadm config images list
2,在 master 节点上传 kubeadm-basic.images.tar.gz 压缩包至 /opt 目录
cd /opt
tar zxvf kubeadm-basic.images.tar.gz
3,将解压的包通过docker转换为镜像
for i in $(ls /opt/kubeadm-basic.images/*.tar); do docker load -i $i; done
==4,复制镜像和脚本到 node 节点。也将包转换为镜像 ==
scp -r kubeadm-basic.images root@node01:/opt
scp -r kubeadm-basic.images root@node02:/opt
5,初始化kubeadm
#生成文件
kubeadm config print init-defaults > /opt/kubeadm-config.yaml
cd /opt/
vim kubeadm-config.yaml
......
11 localAPIEndpoint:
12 advertiseAddress: 192.168.226.40 #指定master节点的IP地址
13 bindPort: 6443
......
34 kubernetesVersion: v1.15.1 #指定kubernetes版本号
35 networking:
36 dnsDomain: cluster.local #添加
37 podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16" #指定pod网段,10.244.0.0/16用于匹配flannel默认网段
38 serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/16 #指定service网段
39 scheduler: {}
--- #末尾再添加以下内容
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
featureGates:
SupportIPVSProxyMode: true
mode: ipvs #把默认的service调度方式改为ipvs模式
#–experimental-upload-certs 参数可以在后续执行加入节点时自动分发证书文件,k8sV1.16版本开始替换为 --upload-certs
#tee kubeadm-init.log 用以输出日志
kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-config.yaml --experimental-upload-certs | tee kubeadm-init.log
//查看 kubeadm-init 日志
less kubeadm-init.log
//kubernetes配置文件目录
ls /etc/kubernetes/
//存放ca等证书和密码的目录
ls /etc/kubernetes/pki
提示:
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown
(
i
d
−
u
)
:
(id -u):
(id−u):(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run “kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml” with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join 192.168.226.40:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef
–discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:42042c0f0037f254e3e01a5fa48fd9b45abefc3fb35d9f0335cd579e6b3be08c
5,设定kubectl
kubectl需经由API server认证及授权后方能执行相应的管理操作,kubeadm 部署的集群为其生成了一个具有管理员权限的认证配置文件 /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf,它可由 kubectl 通过默认的 “$HOME/.kube/config” 的路径进行加载。
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
6,在 node 节点上执行 kubeadm join 命令加入群集
kubeadm join 192.168.226.40:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:42042c0f0037f254e3e01a5fa48fd9b45abefc3fb35d9f0335cd579e6b3be08c
所有节点部署网络插件flannel
1,所有节点上传flannel镜像 flannel.tar 到 /opt 目录,master节点上传 kube-flannel.yml 文件
cd /opt
docker load < flannel.tar
2,在 master 节点创建 flannel 资源
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
3,在master节点查看节点状态(需要等几分钟)
kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master Ready master 7m6s v1.15.1
node01 Ready <none> 5m19s v1.15.1
node02 Ready <none> 5m11s v1.15.1
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-5c98db65d4-dd5wh 1/1 Running 0 7m21s
coredns-5c98db65d4-v8r6n 1/1 Running 0 7m21s
etcd-master 1/1 Running 0 6m26s
kube-apiserver-master 1/1 Running 0 6m21s
kube-controller-manager-master 1/1 Running 0 6m17s
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-5rcps 1/1 Running 0 2m4s
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-ffk2q 1/1 Running 0 2m4s
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-zqfc9 1/1 Running 0 2m4s
kube-proxy-2z957 1/1 Running 0 5m54s
kube-proxy-jvgg2 1/1 Running 0 7m22s
kube-proxy-t58g7 1/1 Running 0 5m46s
kube-scheduler-master 1/1 Running 0 6m21s
4,测试 pod 资源创建
kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx-554b9c67f9-fgs9m 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 9s <none> node01 <none> <none>
5,暴露端口提供服务
kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 23m
nginx NodePort 10.96.150.151 <none> 80:31764/TCP 10s
6,测试访问node01节点的31764端口
安装dashboard
1,所有节点上传dashboard镜像 dashboard.tar 到 /opt 目录,master节点上传kubernetes-dashboard.yaml文件
cd /opt/
docker load < dashboard.tar
kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
2,查看所有容器运行状态
kubectl get pods,svc -n kube-system -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
pod/coredns-5c98db65d4-dd5wh 1/1 Running 0 46m 10.244.0.2 master <none> <none>
pod/coredns-5c98db65d4-v8r6n 1/1 Running 0 46m 10.244.0.3 master <none> <none>
pod/etcd-master 1/1 Running 0 45m 192.168.226.40 master <none> <none>
pod/kube-apiserver-master 1/1 Running 0 45m 192.168.226.40 master <none> <none>
pod/kube-controller-manager-master 1/1 Running 0 45m 192.168.226.40 master <none> <none>
pod/kube-flannel-ds-amd64-5rcps 1/1 Running 0 40m 192.168.226.50 node01 <none> <none>
pod/kube-flannel-ds-amd64-ffk2q 1/1 Running 0 40m 192.168.226.40 master <none> <none>
pod/kube-flannel-ds-amd64-zqfc9 1/1 Running 0 40m 192.168.226.60 node02 <none> <none>
pod/kube-proxy-2z957 1/1 Running 0 44m 192.168.226.50 node01 <none> <none>
pod/kube-proxy-jvgg2 1/1 Running 0 46m 192.168.226.40 master <none> <none>
pod/kube-proxy-t58g7 1/1 Running 0 44m 192.168.226.60 node02 <none> <none>
pod/kube-scheduler-master 1/1 Running 0 45m 192.168.226.40 master <none> <none>
pod/kubernetes-dashboard-668f58f8df-4fspj 1/1 Running 0 22s 10.244.1.6 node01 <none> <none>
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE SELECTOR
service/kube-dns ClusterIP 10.96.0.10 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP 46m k8s-app=kube-dns
service/kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.96.141.118 <none> 443:30001/TCP 3m54s k8s-app=kubernetes-dashboard
3,使用火狐访问
https://node01:30001/
https://192.168.226.50:30001/
1,创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色
kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
2,获取令牌密钥
kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')
#token下的字符为令牌,使用令牌登录,即可进入dashboardUI界面
安装Harbor私有仓库
1,修改主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname hub.JMI.com
2,所有节点加上主机名映射
echo ‘192.168.226.70 hub.JMI.com’ >> /etc/hosts
3,安装 docker
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
4,创建镜像加速服务
mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://ek0mda0m.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m"
},
"insecure-registries": ["https://hub.KGC.com"]
}
EOF
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker
5,安装 Harbor
//上传 harbor-offline-installer-v1.2.2.tgz 和 docker-compose 文件到 /opt 目录
cd /opt
cp docker-compose /usr/local/bin/
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
tar zxvf harbor-offline-installer-v1.2.2.tgz
cd harbor/
vim harbor.cfg
5 hostname = hub.jmi.com
9 ui_url_protocol = https
24 ssl_cert = /data/cert/server.crt
25 ssl_cert_key = /data/cert/server.key
59 harbor_admin_password = 123456
6,生成证书
mkdir -p /data/cert
cd /data/cert
#生成私钥
openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 2048
输入两遍密码:123456
#生成证书签名请求文件
openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
输入私钥密码:123456
输入国家名:CN
输入省名:BJ
输入市名:BJ
输入组织名:JMI
输入机构名:JMI
输入域名:hub.jmi.com
输入管理员邮箱:admin@jmi.com
其它全部直接回车
#备份私钥
cp server.key server.key.org
#清除私钥密码
openssl rsa -in server.key.org -out server.key
输入私钥密码:123456
#签名证书
openssl x509 -req -days 1000 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt
chmod +x /data/cert/*
cd /opt/harbor/
./install.sh
浏览器访问:https://hub.kgc.com
用户名:admin
密码:123456
7,在一个node节点上登录harbor
在所有节点修改/etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://ek0mda0m.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m"
},
"insecure-registries": ["https://hub.JMI.com"]}
}
docker login -u admin -p 123456 https://hub.jmi.com
登陆成功
注:在安装完后将交换分区永久关闭,不然下次启动是还要手动关闭
vim /etc/fstab
将交换分区注释掉