不论是对于jpa或者是hibernate来说字段的数据库映射都不是难点,而是很多初学者都对jpa级联操作等一系列的东西不大明白,在这一系列的文章中我通过简单的java实体对象来与大家共同理解jpa(hibernate做实现产品)的级联操作等难点知识,希望能够共同提高。为了保证简单易懂,本系列文章避免光讲理论知识,而忽视实际动手,在下面的例子中都有简单易懂的例子,为了加深理解大家也可以在自己的机器上调试。同时为了方便理解本系列文章采用对比讲解,能让人一目了然。同时欢迎大家共同探讨,一起完善这教程
jpa级联操作详解1(cascade) 之 cascade={CascadeType.PERSIST}
onetomany 一对多关联 实体bean:汽车和车库
(一)
- package com.hibernate.jpa.bean1;
- import javax.persistence.Entity;
- import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
- import javax.persistence.Id;
- import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
- import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
- @Entity
- public class Auto {
- /**
- * one to many 一对多关联
- */
- private Integer autoId;
- private String autotype;
- private String autonum;
- private Garage garage;
- @Id @GeneratedValue
- public Integer getAutoId() {
- return autoId;
- }
- public void setAutoId(Integer autoId) {
- this.autoId = autoId;
- }
- public String getAutotype() {
- return autotype;
- }
- public void setAutotype(String autotype) {
- this.autotype = autotype;
- }
- public String getAutonum() {
- return autonum;
- }
- public void setAutonum(String autonum) {
- this.autonum = autonum;
- }
- @ManyToOne
- @JoinColumn(name="garageid")
- public Garage getGarage() {
- return garage;
- }
- public void setGarage(Garage garage) {
- this.garage = garage;
- }
- }
- ------车库
- package com.hibernate.jpa.bean1;
- import java.util.HashSet;
- import java.util.Set;
- import javax.persistence.Column;
- import javax.persistence.Entity;
- import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
- import javax.persistence.Id;
- import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
- @Entity
- public class Garage {
- /**
- * many to one 多对一
- */
- private Integer gid;
- private String garagenum;
- private Set<Auto> autos = new HashSet<Auto>();
- @Id @GeneratedValue
- public Integer getGid() {
- return gid;
- }
- public void setGid(Integer gid) {
- this.gid = gid;
- }
- @Column(length=20)
- public String getGaragenum() {
- return garagenum;
- }
- public void setGaragenum(String garagenum) {
- this.garagenum = garagenum;
- }
- @OneToMany(mappedBy="garage")
- public Set<Auto> getAutos() {
- return autos;
- }
- public void setAutos(Set<Auto> autos) {
- this.autos = autos;
- }
- public void addGarageAuto(Auto auto) {
- auto.setGarage(this);
- this.autos.add(auto);
- }
- }
- ---------junit保存方法
- @Test public void save() {
- EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("jpa-hibernate");
- EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager();
- em.getTransaction().begin();
- Garage garage = new Garage();
- garage.setGaragenum("room1");
- Auto auto1 = new Auto();
- auto1.setAutonum("bj0000");
- auto1.setAutotype("car");
- Auto auto2 = new Auto();
- auto2.setAutonum("bj1231");
- auto2.setAutotype("bus");
- garage.addGarageAuto(auto1);
- garage.addGarageAuto(auto2);
- em.persist(garage);
- em.getTransaction().commit();
- em.close();
- factory.close();
- }
运行以上save()方法之后,数据库中只对应的表,但是只有garage表中被存入了数据,而auto表中没有被存入数据,仅仅是生成了表而已。
数据库中的表数据:
+-----+-----------+
| gid | garagenum |
+-----+-----------+
| 1 | room1 |
+-----+-----------+
mysql> select * from auto;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
这儿可以注意到虽然生成了auto数据库表,但是无法存储有关auto的数据,因为没有先保存auto或设置级联保存
观察发出的sql语句:
Hibernate: insert into Garage (garagenum) values (?)
(二)先保存auto
将junit测试类中的save方法改为
@Test public void save() {
EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("jpa-hibernate");
EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager();
em.getTransaction().begin();
Garage garage = new Garage();
garage.setGaragenum("room1");
Auto auto1 = new Auto();
auto1.setAutonum("bj0000");
auto1.setAutotype("car");
Auto auto2 = new Auto();
auto2.setAutonum("bj1231");
auto2.setAutotype("bus");
garage.addGarageAuto(auto1);
garage.addGarageAuto(auto2);
em.persist(auto1);
em.persist(auto2);
em.persist(garage);
em.getTransaction().commit();
em.close();
factory.close();
}
观察发出的sql语句:
Hibernate: insert into Auto (autonum, autotype, garageid) values (?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into Auto (autonum, autotype, garageid) values (?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into Garage (garagenum) values (?)
Hibernate: update Auto set autonum=?, autotype=?, garageid=? where autoId=?
Hibernate: update Auto set autonum=?, autotype=?, garageid=? where autoId=?
当然也生成了对应的数据记录,但是对数据库进行了5次操作
mysql> select * from garage;
+-----+-----------+
| gid | garagenum |
+-----+-----------+
| 1 | room1 |
+-----+-----------+
mysql> select * from auto;
+--------+---------+----------+----------+
| autoId | autonum | autotype | garageid |
+--------+---------+----------+----------+
| 1 | bj0000 | car | 1 |
| 2 | bj1231 | bus | 1 |
+--------+---------+----------+----------+
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
(三)设置cascade={CascadeType.PERSIST}
当把
@OneToMany(mappedBy="garage")
public Set<Auto> getAutos() {
return autos;
}
改为:
@OneToMany(cascade={CascadeType.PERSIST},mappedBy="garage")
public Set<Auto> getAutos() {
return autos;
}
即多添加了一行cascade={CascadeType.PERSIST} 申明级联级联保存
删除前面生成的数据库表garage 和 auto
再次运行save()方法
这是我们看到数据库中都有对应的记录
+-----+-----------+
| gid | garagenum |
+-----+-----------+
| 1 | room1 |
+-----+-----------+
+--------+---------+----------+----------+
| autoId | autonum | autotype | garageid |
+--------+---------+----------+----------+
| 1 | bj0000 | car | 1 |
| 2 | bj1231 | bus | 1 |
+--------+---------+----------+----------+
观察发出的sql语句:
Hibernate: insert into Garage (garagenum) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into Auto (autonum, autotype, garageid) values (?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into Auto (autonum, autotype, garageid) values (?, ?, ?)