ubuntu8.10手动安装mysql5.1.31

 一、安装准备:sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev
       sudo apt-get install g++
        下载mysql 的source包。格式（mysql-5.1.31.tar.gz）
二、卸载ubuntu系统自带的mysql5.0.同时搜索文件系统中的所有关于mysql关键字的文件或文件夹，特别注意/etc目录及/usr目录
      完成后增加mysql组及mysql用户
   sudo groupadd mysql
   sudo useradd -g mysql mysql
三、复制文件并解压缩
sudo cp /home/zhrg/soft/mysql-5.1.31.tar.gz /usr/local
cd /usr/local
sudo tar zxvf ./mysql-5.1.31.tar.gz
四、进入目录并开始编译文件
cd mysql-5.1.31
改变文件及文件夹的权限
sudo chown -R root .
sudo chgrp -R root .
编译文件
./configure /
--prefix=/usr/local/mysql /                编译好后的文件夹存放路径
--localstatedir=/usr/local/mysql/data /       数据库文件存放路径
--enable-local-infile /
--with-unix-socket-path=/tmp/mysql.sock /   使用系统的sock
--with-tcp-port=3306 /                指定端口号
--enable-thread-safe-client /            允许客户端访问
--with-mysqld-user=root /            mysqld系统服务（自启动)的用户权限
--with-extra-charsets=all /            指定server的安装字符编码
--with-charset=utf8 /                指定客户端的安装字符编码
--with-federated-storage-engine /
--with-partition /
--without-ndbcluster
当您看到“Thank you for choosing MySQL!”时，说明成功
安装文件:最好不要采用make再 make install的方式，容易出错!
make install
make clean(sudo make clean)
当系统编译完会自动回到刚开始的目录即:/usr/local/mysql-5.1.31$目录
五、进入编译好的mysql目录，初始化数据库
cd /usr/local/mysql
创建数据库目录
sudo mkdir data
修改mysql文件夹下的权限：
sudo chown -R mysql .
sudo chgrp -R mysql .
cd bin
六、初始化数据库(这一步很容易出错，一定要注意权限问题）
sudo ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
如果出错必须要回到前面的的第四步，但是回之前执行
sudo rm  config.cache
sudo make clean（make clean)
sudo make distclean将编译过的文件清除
cd /usr/local
确保全部清除，将mysql目录也删除
sudo rm -r mysql
如果初始化数据库成功
七、再此修改mysql文件夹的权限
cd /usr/local
sudo chown -R root .
sudo chown -R mysql data
把数据库的配置文件share/mysql/下的my.cnf拷贝一份/var/my.cnf.
sudo cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
八、修改my.cnf文件,文件内容如下:
sudo gedit /etc/my.cnf
##############################################################################
# Example MySQL config file for large systems.
#
# This is for a large system with memory = 512M where the system runs mainly
# MySQL.
#
# You can copy this file to
# /etc/my.cnf to set global options,
# mysql-data-dir/my.cnf to set server-specific options (in this
# installation this directory is /usr/local/mysql/var) or
# ~/.my.cnf to set user-specific options.
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
# with the "--help" option.

# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
#password    = your_password
port        = 3306
socket        = /tmp/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8
# Here follows entries for some specific programs

# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port        = 3306
socket        = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-locking
key_buffer = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_cache = 256
sort_buffer_size = 1M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size= 16M
# Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency
thread_concurrency = 8
default-character-set=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
#
#skip-networking
user=mysql
skip-federated
#自己加的便于远程访问
skip-grant-tables
skip-name-resolve
#禁用DNS解析，连接速度会快很多。不过，这样的话就不能在MySQL的授权表中使用主机名了而只能用ip格式。
# Replication Master Server (default)
# binary logging is required for replication
log-bin=mysql-bin

# binary logging format - mixed recommended
binlog_format=mixed

# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1
# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set
# but will not function as a master if omitted
server-id    = 1

# Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)
#
# To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between
# two methods :
#
# 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -
#    the syntax is:
#
#    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>,
#    MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ;
#
#    where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and
#    <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default).
#
#    Example:
#
#    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,
#    MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';
#
# OR
#
# 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then
#    start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example
#    if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to
#    connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later
#    change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and
#    overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown
#    the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.
#    For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched
#    (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)
#
# required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1
# (and different from the master)
# defaults to 2 if master-host is set
# but will not function as a slave if omitted
#server-id       = 2
#
# The replication master for this slave - required
#master-host     =   <hostname>
#
# The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting
# to the master - required
#master-user     =   <username>
#
# The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to
# the master - required
#master-password =   <password>
#
# The port the master is listening on.
# optional - defaults to 3306
#master-port     =  <port>
#
# binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended
#log-bin=mysql-bin

# Point the following paths to different dedicated disks
#tmpdir        = /tmp/        
#log-update     = /path-to-dedicated-directory/hostname

# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
#innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/var/
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/var/
#innodb_log_arch_dir = /usr/local/mysql/var/
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 256M
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 20M
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
#innodb_log_file_size = 64M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates

[isamchk]
key_buffer = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 128M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M

[myisamchk]
key_buffer = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 128M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
############################################################################################################
八、测试启动数据库，在/usr/local/mysql下执行:
sudo ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
数据库将启动成功，如果不成功，打开sudo gedit /usr/local/mysql/data/主机名.err
文件查找原因（上google)
九、设置root密码。默认安装密码为空，为了安全你需要修改密码
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot －pyourpassword
十、拷贝编译目录的一个脚本，设置开机自动启动
注意：此处不是别人所说的用chkconfig –add mysqld方式，而是要采用复制的方式
sudo cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/rc2.d/S20mysql
修改S20mysql的basedir和datadir
sudo gedit /etc/rc2.d/S20mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
十一、重启机器