本文为senlie原创,转载请保留此地址:http://blog.csdn.net/zhengsenlie
经验:Traits classes 使得"类型相关信息"在编译期可用。它们以 templates 和 "templates 特化"完成实现
示例:template<...>
class deque{
public:
class iterator{
public:
typedef random_access_iterator_tag iterator_category;
};
};
//template
template<typename IterT>
struct iterator_traits{
typedef typename IterT::iterator_category iterator_category;
};
//template 偏特化
template<typename IterT>
struct iterator_traits<IterT *> // template 偏特化,限制 IterT 必须是指针
{
typedef random_access_iterator_tag iterator_category;
};
//实现 advance
template<typename IterT, typename DistT>
void advance(IterT &iter, DistT d){
if(typeid(typename std::iterator_traits<IterT>::iterator_category) == typeid(std::random_access_iterator_tag))
...
}
解析:上面 iterator_traits<IterT>::iterator_category 在编译期就可确定,但 if 语句却是在运行期才会核定,浪费时间,也造成可执行文件的膨胀。
纠正:融合重载技术后,traits classes 有可能在编译期对类型执行 if...else 测试
template<typename IterT, typename DistT>
void advance(IterT &iter, DistT d){
doAdvance(iter, d, typename std::iterator_traits<T>::iterator_category());
}
template<typename IterT, typename DistT>
void advance(IterT &iter, DistT d, std::random_access_iterator_tag){
iter += d;
}
template<typename IterT, typename DistT>
void advance(IterT &iter, DistT d, std::bidirectional_iterator_tag){
if(d >= 0){while(d--) ++iter;}
else{while(d++) --iter;}
}
template<typename IterT, typename DistT>
void advance(IterT &iter, DistT d, std::input_iterator_tag){
if(d < 0) throw std::out_of_range("Negative distance");
while(d--) ++iter;
}