Leetcode 细节实现题 Spiral Matrix II

Spiral Matrix II

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Given an integer n, generate a square matrix filled with elements from 1 to n2 in spiral order.

For example,
Given n = 3,

You should return the following matrix:

[
 [ 1, 2, 3 ],
 [ 8, 9, 4 ],
 [ 7, 6, 5 ]
]

题意：将数值 1 到n^2以螺旋顺序放到到一个方阵中
思路：
从左到右，从上到下，从右到左，从下到上按顺序遍历放数值
将矩阵的(0,0)元素看成坐标原点，向右为x轴正方向，向下为y轴正方向
用四个变量，即两个坐标(startx, starty), (endx, endy) 表示每轮遍历的矩阵的左上角和右下角的坐标
复杂度：O(n^2)

vector<vector<int> > generateMatrix(int n){
	vector<vector<int> > matrix(n, vector<int>(n));
	int startx = 0, starty = 0;
	int endx = n - 1, endy = n - 1;
	for(int k = 1; k <= n * n; ){
		for(int j = startx; j <= endx; ++j) matrix[starty][j] = k++;
		starty++;
		for(int i = starty; i <= endy; ++i) matrix[i][endy] = k++;
		endx--;
		for(int j = endx; j >= startx; --j) matrix[endy][j] = k++;
		endy--;
		for(int i = endy; i >= starty; --i) matrix[i][startx] = k++;
		startx++;
	}
	return matrix;
}