ios开发 全局变量的定义和使用

和c非常类似， 同样objective c也可以用define来做一些事情。

in MyConstants.h:

<code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, 'Lucida Console', 'Liberation Mono', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', monospace, serif;"><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 139); background-color: transparent;">extern</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(43, 145, 175); background-color: transparent;">NSString</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">*</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 139); background-color: transparent;">const</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(43, 145, 175); background-color: transparent;">MyStringConstant</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">;</span></code>

in MyConstants.m:

<code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, 'Lucida Console', 'Liberation Mono', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', monospace, serif;"><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(43, 145, 175); background-color: transparent;">NSString</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">*</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="kwd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 139); background-color: transparent;">const</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(43, 145, 175); background-color: transparent;">MyStringConstant</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">=</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;"> </span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">@</span><span class="str" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(128, 0, 0); background-color: transparent;">"MyString"</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">;</span></code>

then in any other .m file:

<code style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, 'Lucida Console', 'Liberation Mono', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', monospace, serif;"><span class="com" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: gray; background-color: transparent;">#import "MyConstants.h"</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">

</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">...</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">
</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">[</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">someObject someMethodTakingAString</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">:</span><span class="typ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(43, 145, 175); background-color: transparent;">MyStringConstant</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">];</span><span class="pln" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">
</span><span class="pun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">...</span></code>




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在iPhone开发中，使用全局变量有这么几种实现方法：
1、 在AppDelegate中声明并初始化全局变量
      然后在需要使用该变量的地方插入如下的代码：
      //取得AppDelegate，在iOS中，AppDelegat被设计成了单例模式
      AppDelegate *appDelegate = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate];
      appDelegate.Your Variable

2、使用 extern 关键字

2.1 新建Constants.h文件（文件名根据需要自己取），用于存放全局变量；

2.2 在Constants.h中写入你需要的全局变量名，

例如： NSString *url;//指针类型

int count;//非指针类型

注意：在定义全局变量的时候不能初始化，否则会报错！

2.3 在需要用到全局变量的文件中引入此文件：

#import "Constants.h"

2.4 给全局变量初始化或者赋值：

extern NSString *url;

  url = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"http://www.google.com"];

//指针类型；需要alloc（我试过直接 url = @"www.google.com"  好像也能访问 ）

extern int count;

count = 0;//非指针类型

2.5 使用全局变量：和使用普通变量一样使用。