继承可能在c++

在继承之前的教训,我们已经使我们所有的公共数据成员为了简化的例子。在本节中,我们将讨论访问说明符的作用在继承过程中,以及涵盖不同类型的继承可能在c++。

至此,您已经看到了私人和公共访问说明符,决定谁可以访问类的成员。作为一个快速复习,公共成员可以被任何人访问。私有成员只能由同一个类的成员函数访问。请注意,这意味着派生类不能访问私有成员!

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class Base { private :      int m_nPrivate; // can only be accessed by Base member functions (not derived classes) public :      int m_nPublic; // can be accessed by anybody };

当处理继承类,事情变得更加复杂。

首先,还有第三个访问说明符,我们还没有谈论,因为它是唯一有用的遗传背景。受保护的访问说明符限制访问同一个类的成员函数,或派生类。

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class Base { public :      int m_nPublic; // can be accessed by anybody private :      int m_nPrivate; // can only be accessed by Base member functions (but not derived classes) protected :      int m_nProtected; // can be accessed by Base member functions, or derived classes. };   class Derived: public Base { public :      Derived()      {          // Derived's access to Base members is not influenced by the type of inheritance used,          // so the following is always true:            m_nPublic = 1; // allowed: can access public base members from derived class          m_nPrivate = 2; // not allowed: can not access private base members from derived class          m_nProtected = 3; // allowed: can access protected base members from derived class      } };   int main() {      Base cBase;      cBase.m_nPublic = 1; // allowed: can access public members from outside class      cBase.m_nPrivate = 2; // not allowed: can not access private members from outside class      cBase.m_nProtected = 3; // not allowed: can not access protected members from outside class }

第二,当一个派生类从基类继承,访问说明符可能会改变取决于继承的方法。有三种不同的方法从其他类继承类:公共,私人和保护。

这样做,只需指定你想要哪种类型的访问在选择继承的类:

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// Inherit from Base publicly class Pub: public Base { };   // Inherit from Base privately class Pri: private Base { };   // Inherit from Base protectedly class Pro: protected Base { };   class Def: Base // Defaults to private inheritance { };