文章目录
1. 环境查询,安装,卸载,克隆
1.1 查看环境列表
查看 Python
运行环境,可通过以下命令实现
conda info --envs
或者
conda env list
1.2 创建新的Python环境
比如我已经安装了 Python3.6
的环境,想要安装 Python2.7
的环境
conda create -n py27 python=2.7
- 参数
py27
指新创建的环境名 python=2.7
指你想要创建的Python
版本
1.3 激活/停止 Python 环境
切换到新创建的环境 py27
source activate py27
切换回基础环境
source deactivate
或者
source deactivate py27
1.4 克隆/移除环境
可以通过上述步骤创建多个环境,移除 创建的环境使用如下命令:
conda env remove -n ENVIRONMENT
也可以从之前环境中 克隆 一个新环境
conda create --name myclone --clone myenv
2. 卸载
已卸载 opencv
为例
首先查询当前已安装 opencv
$ conda list | grep opencv
libopencv 3.4.2 hb342d67_1
py-opencv 3.4.2 py37hb342d67_1
3. 查询、安装指定版本
3.1 查询
3.1.1 在线查询
-
登录https://anaconda.org/search查询
-
使用命令conda search查询
使用命令查询时可以制定源地址,常用源地址为conda-forge
$ conda search -c conda-forge opencv=4.1.0
3.1.2 命令行查询
如果当前配置的源中没有指定包,会抛出如下错误
PackagesNotFoundError: The following packages are not available from current channels:
使用命令行查询存在指定包的源
$ anaconda search -t conda XXX
选择一个源进行安装即可(通常使用conda-forge)
$ conda install -c conda-forge XXX
或者
$ conda install -c https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge XXX
3.2 安装
$ conda install opencv=4.1.0
指定源地址安装
$ conda install -c conda-forge opencv=4.1.0
4 配置国内镜像源
新安装了Anaconda,发现使用conda下载时很慢,参考Anaconda 镜像使用帮助以加速
4.1 生成配置文件
执行以下命令
conda config --set show_channel_urls yes
生成配置文件.condarc,也可以手动创建
4.2 配置
打开文件~/.condarc,添加
channels:
- defaults
show_channel_urls: true
default_channels:
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r
custom_channels:
conda-forge: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
msys2: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
bioconda: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
menpo: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
pytorch: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
simpleitk: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
4.3 再次加速
不知为何清华镜像使用帮助提供的地址仍旧包含了默认地址
channels:
- defaults
...
...
当下载速度仍旧很慢的时候,可以试试去掉上面这部分内容
4.4 更新
清除索引缓存,保证用的是镜像站提供的索引
$ conda clean -i
5 conda安装环境报错
解决
Solving environment: failed with initial frozen solve. Retrying with flexible solve.
的问题。
使用conda安装时经常遇到以下问题:
$ conda install -c conda-forge opencv=4.2.0
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: failed with initial frozen solve. Retrying with flexible solve.
Solving environment: / failed with repodata from current_repodata.json, will retry with next repodata source.
...
参考conda安装环境报错:Solving environment: failed with initial frozen solve.
# 查询版本
$ conda -V
# 升级
$ conda update -n base conda
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: \
The environment is inconsistent, please check the package plan carefully
The following packages are causing the inconsistency:
- https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/linux-64::anaconda==2019.07=py37_0
- https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/linux-64::numba==0.44.1=py37h962f231_0
done
## Package Plan ##
environment location: /home/lab305/anaconda3
added / updated specs:
- conda
The following packages will be downloaded:
...
...
升级 conda
到最新版本后再更新全部应用:
$ conda update --all
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done
## Package Plan ##
environment location: /home/lab305/anaconda3/envs/pytorch1.3
The following packages will be downloaded:
就可以继续使用 conda
安装应用:
$ conda install -c conda-forge opencv=4.2.0
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: failed with initial frozen solve. Retrying with flexible solve.
Solving environment: done
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
Solving environment: \ debug2: client_check_window_change: changed
debug2: channel 0: request window-change confirm 0
failed with initial frozen solve. Retrying with flexible solve.
Solving environment: done
## Package Plan ##
environment location: /home/lab305/anaconda3/envs/pytorch1.3
added / updated specs:
- opencv=4.2.0
The following packages will be downloaded:
...
...
6. 环境清理
使用 conda clean
清理缓存和不使用的包,参考conda clean
6.1 定义
usage: conda clean [-h] [-a] [-i] [-p] [-t] [-f]
[-c TEMPFILES [TEMPFILES ...]] [-d] [--json] [-q] [-v] [-y]
6.2 示例
清理所有缓存和不使用的包
$ conda clean -a
7 环境迁移
7.1 问题描述
将本地计算机的环境配置到远程计算机环境下
7.2 问题解决
7.2.1 相同操作系统
直接用tar工具打包envs目录下的环境即可
7.2.2 不同平台和操作系统
参考Conda 环境迁移,导出 environment.yml
文件,在另一个环境下重新下载
# 导出
$ conda env export > environment.yml
# 导入
$ conda env create -f environment.yml