springboot自动配置原理

注册入口所在包

springboot入口代码：

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringbootApplication.class, args);
    }

}

@SpringBootApplication里面是：

@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = { @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
		@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {

@SpringBootConfiguration里面是@Configuration说明这是个配置类，
@ComponentScan用于包扫描
@EnableAutoConfiguration是最重要的，它里面是：

@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)

@AutoConfigurationPackage是自动配置包注解，它里面是

@Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class)
public @interface AutoConfigurationPackage {

@Import是给容器导入组件注解，这里使用Registrar类来导入。
metadata是元数据，打断点看被注解的类是SpringbootApplication，.getPackageNames()求其包名，.toArray(new String[0])转为字符串数组。

启动导入所有，然后按需装配

@EnableAutoConfiguration里面另一个重要的注解是@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)，AutoConfigurationImportSelector里：

@Override
	public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
		if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
			return NO_IMPORTS;
		}
		AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata);
		return StringUtils.toStringArray(autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations());
	}

通过getAutoConfigurationEntry方法来批量将组件导入容器：

	protected AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
		if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
			return EMPTY_ENTRY;
		}
		AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
		List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);
		configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);
		Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
		checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
		configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
		configurations = getConfigurationClassFilter().filter(configurations);
		fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
		return new AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);
	}

进入getCandidateConfigurations()方法，再进入SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames()，在如图打断点，可以看出代码是在各个Jar包的META-INF/spring.factories路径下加载组件

最主要的是下图的autoconfigure这个jar包里面的spring.factories写死了127个组件，都被导入容器。

但其实这127个并不会都导入容器，如上述jar包有个org包，里面有个AopAutoConfiguration类，如下图里面@ConditionalOnClass(Advice.class)的Advice是红色，表示没有导入，而@ConditionalOnClass是条件注解，Advice类没导入，这整个类就没有导入容器

先加载所有配置类，用户可自己配

如下所示,@ConditionalOnMissingBean是调节注解，当该bean不存在的时候springboot帮我们配置好。如果用户定制，则以用户的为准。

@Configuration(
    proxyBeanMethods = false
)
@EnableConfigurationProperties({ServerProperties.class})
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(
    type = Type.SERVLET
)
@ConditionalOnClass({CharacterEncodingFilter.class})
@ConditionalOnProperty(
    prefix = "server.servlet.encoding",
    value = {"enabled"},
    matchIfMissing = true
)
public class HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration {
    private final Encoding properties;

    public HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(ServerProperties properties) {
        this.properties = properties.getServlet().getEncoding();
    }

    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean
    public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() {
        CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter();
        filter.setEncoding(this.properties.getCharset().name());
        filter.setForceRequestEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.server.Encoding.Type.REQUEST));
        filter.setForceResponseEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.server.Encoding.Type.RESPONSE));
        return filter;
    }

用户有两种定制方法：
1、用户自己@bean替换springboot配置的组件
2、用户看这个组件获取的配置文件什么值，就去application.properties修改它。
比如HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration就是获取的ServerProperties，点进去：

@ConfigurationProperties(
    prefix = "server",
    ignoreUnknownFields = true
)
public class ServerProperties {

说明该组件配置都是server开头。再看@ConditionalOnProperty注解，说明想要修改encoding方式就可以到application.properties修改server.servlet.encoding：

server.servlet.encoding.charset=GBK

也可以按照功能参照官方文档修改配置：