Docker常用命令

1. docker search [名称]    

    从仓库中查找镜像    eg: docker search jdk

NAME：镜像仓库名
DESCRIPTION：描述信息
STARS：和Github的Star一个道理
OFFICIAL：是否官方镜像
AUTOMATED：是否由Docker Hub自动构建

2. docker pull  [名称]    

从仓库中下载镜像    eg: docker pull docker.io/codenvy/jdk8_maven3_tomcat8

这样就下载完成了。

3. docker images

查看本地所有镜像   eg:  docker images

REPOSITORY：镜像仓库的名字
TAG：该镜像的版本号
IMAGE ID：镜像的ID
CREATED：创建时间
SIZE：镜像的大小

4. docker run --name 容器名 -i -t 镜像ID /bin/bash

该命令会基于指定镜像创建一个新的容器

–name：为容器设置一个名字 
-i -t：使得容器启动后能获取该容器的shell
镜像ID：指定容器要基于哪一个镜像运行
最后一个参数是运行时需要需要执行的命令，这里执行/bin/bash使得容器运行后启动一个bash供我们和容器交互。

eg:  docker run --name jdk8_maven3_tomcat8 -i -t 0cec97ba8d8a /bin/bash

        启动后我们将进入容器内部，获得一个用于和容器交互的shell，我们可以在这里对容器作任何操作，并且和操作一台Linux系统没有任何区别。

5. docker ps -a

查看已经创建的容器

-a：能查看所有已经被创建的容器；不加这个参数仅会显示正在运行的容器。 
CONTAINER ID：该容器的ID
IMAGE：该容器使用的镜像
COMMAND：启动时执行的命令
CREATED：容器创建时间
STATUS：当前运行状态
PORTS：该容器所开启的端口号
NAMES：容器的名字

6. docker start 容器名

启动已经创建的容器

该命令执行后容器会在后台运行，只返回一个容器名，若需要获取容器交互式shell，需要继续执行 7 命令。

7. docker attach 容器名    或者   docker exec -it 容器ID /bin/bash

进入容器内部，并获取了容器的shell

8. docker inspect 容器名

获取容器参数。

上述指令可以查看指定容器的所有配置信息，这些信息以JSON的形式返回，如下：

[
    {
        "Id": "67fe2d720f6f1b6302a8acf3f8ce0e3009913945a5627b1fde90b61c508bdf59",
        "Created": "2018-05-23T03:52:25.616205188Z",
        "Path": "/entrypoint.sh",
        "Args": [
            "/bin/bash"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 4379,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2018-05-23T03:52:25.999074385Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:0cec97ba8d8ad572e2689428a149a2687a8df6b2177922fc3760f3a98b8c6965",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/67fe2d720f6f1b6302a8acf3f8ce0e3009913945a5627b1fde90b61c508bdf59/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/67fe2d720f6f1b6302a8acf3f8ce0e3009913945a5627b1fde90b61c508bdf59/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/67fe2d720f6f1b6302a8acf3f8ce0e3009913945a5627b1fde90b61c508bdf59/hosts",
        "LogPath": "",
        "Name": "/jdk8_maven3_tomcat8",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "journald",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "docker-runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DiskQuota": 0,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": -1,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": 0,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Name": "overlay2",
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/486284930eca8852ea9ad8dcfa0b07483c137f427ae8cedcd7d31a904b19b33a-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3d6afb4850b759370f5ae8e1a2f405bafce4c354fa7d7e331a140d3ecaf1348e/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4ae6f57fa1a6b583a1aab61823af93bbf8c14018f74a8672230aae25ef39551a/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ca67f90056366dcf40e02e2c4d72bdf0d8c9c1fc189d780d9e80b214b169e3c7/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/37c8cd72578613fdb1c01adc2e91e4f690e66df2bffe98ac6f5c55f18099f118/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d2efe9eddc27c3fb6661aab9282038eb8c6d0e8bc36e336ccaf148cdae34ea65/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a371e4dc8c9deff9640cee882de9385f32289f85e14036b2bdc49551d4d6250e/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9c52327a55f50872fb6401a75b7f92f21a13c979998b37f7b04ebd9e6d1f8661/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/63e0818188fe71e9b31c4125cc399d7a9f716087940089e9c44ca4e672cc7390/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a83e7341adfa6588b05f5f5ad966da5c812a1cf6b178e45d5c7c9229afde95b3/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7ca8b47b752fd4fab3d200c4a7627afaa6c87aa13ecbb43a7d32240be4c23b2b/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f45ad142daa606d7912db1563e886e582fb7075bad2eeafbaba8b22798f99540/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7722e29b7c3a6289b948a408833a300f27062369594251aae9833e9624c10065/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/30005d0cee0bbace7e2d639b38d82ee085f0f3e16ef8d2c739dfe8f2c8261daf/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/aae2cdc8e34e18ff8ba89695755b04ecf86a49ffe36f7b7d2784a4e34494baa4/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/387caa32b42ddf2c9cc8510d1b9fe4b7309436f92d2af5aac0d2f9717f2c9634/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/414bdb726dcabe9fbb48e64c5eec601885fc9076d806c125a360a9473719bbbd/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8a5cf3a6695480523ff62a1f46128c7c77c86455560dbb25b19a20992a7fa41b/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9b06e2d2d989cf3ceb44d0ef4b89c35651d8c1a6254db8db833a5b4722464351/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a98ec24573ba91353ee6a109ecf35bed11eee5bd8c9406477d5350e1effafc6b/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2b56d81c0c1cae3b36ae06394c11a9975dfcc61b23d4ec97e8d40b3ade27dd12/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9bd5821a8fe01e6568a4094d484059afa6dd3214efea9bd81227996a216e7d39/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/01570ae31d003cdd8e6b9d59d22d8880f49c8e6fd59d29eb0ee2f03f5dc0be69/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c15949c7f46c74160a8a14a7fa15b6adf408a57b2b626bb85330ce92465beab1/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e495d13c99f14b2fff650f7c923f872d417cef50ea9ec61e2ef9f18fe8b16eb7/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a1c2cdbe5c9c5dc7af9c6bf373487c62048f299c44185f2a281fa3080ba32cf3/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/aaedbdc0cfb80232b12140c3b915cc08e3e710e5dc9f72639fda8bb0669ce443/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/881064ac9d3e8e04d85b7c3f1045db466c2e1f3e6b6b15a3e08abc3da45905dd/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/486284930eca8852ea9ad8dcfa0b07483c137f427ae8cedcd7d31a904b19b33a/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/486284930eca8852ea9ad8dcfa0b07483c137f427ae8cedcd7d31a904b19b33a/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/486284930eca8852ea9ad8dcfa0b07483c137f427ae8cedcd7d31a904b19b33a/work"
            }
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "67fe2d720f6f",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "user",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "4200/tcp": {},
                "8000/tcp": {},
                "8080/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/home/user/maven3/bin:/opt/jdk1.8.0_51/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                "CODENVY_WEB_SHELL_PORT=4200",
                "JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.8.0_51",
                "CODENVY_APP_PORT_8080_HTTP=8080",
                "M2_HOME=/home/user/maven3"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "0cec97ba8d8a",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": [
                "/entrypoint.sh"
            ],
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "che:server:4200:protocol": "http",
                "che:server:4200:ref": "shellinabox",
                "che:server:8000:protocol": "http",
                "che:server:8000:ref": "tomcat8-debug",
                "che:server:8080:protocol": "http",
                "che:server:8080:ref": "tomcat8"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "c4e42629b087f14de15363746baeecb2fc4c239ca55979b2d26c1d21a42f55a4",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {
                "4200/tcp": null,
                "8000/tcp": null,
                "8080/tcp": null
            },
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/c4e42629b087",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "baa4476f70eb0bac1bab0a294468036ef3b3da414aee159dbe325fdda8487d21",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "dc0b3db21e9f247cf005f772fec875cc4eb81f6082dd6b03cfd37243b9b45f1e",
                    "EndpointID": "baa4476f70eb0bac1bab0a294468036ef3b3da414aee159dbe325fdda8487d21",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02"
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

可以使用-f或–format参数指定查看某一个参数：（建议使用）

docker inspect --format='{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}' 容器名

9. 容器内执行命令

a.如果你已经进入容器内部，并获取了容器的shell，那么就执行执行命令即可；

b.如果容器在后台运行，那么你可以通过 docker exec 命令直接在宿主机上执行某个容器的命令

eg: docker exec [参数] 容器名 命令

上述命令会在指定的容器中执行指定的命令。 
如果你的命令无需交互，那么需要在参数部分加上-d，使得该命令在容器后台执行即可； 
如果你的命令在执行过程中需要用户输入，那么需要在参数部分加上-i -t，
并使用命令：/bin/bash，从而你就能进入容器内部，获取一个交互式的shell。

10. 停止容器

a. 当你在容器内部，只要执行exit命令即可停止并退出容器。

b.当容器处于后台运行的状态，你需要通过如下命令停止容器： docker stop 容器名

11. docker rm 容器名

 删除容器

转载请务必保留此出处（原作者）：https://blog.csdn.net/zhuzhezhuzhe1/article/details/80417091

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https://blog.csdn.net/zhuzhezhuzhe1/article/details/80417091