【华为认证】HCIA-DATACOM技术分享-IPv4编址及IPv4路由基础实验-入门级运维手册(一)

提前思考:如果我们使用网络自动化进行运维?改如何进行呢。。

2.1实验一:IPv4编址及IPv4路由基础实验

2.1.1实验介绍

2.1.1.1关于本实验

IPv4(Internet Protocol Version4)是TCP/IP协议族中最为核心的协议之一。它工作在TCP/IP参考模型的网际互联层,该层与OSI参考模型的网络层相对应。网络层提供了无连接数据传输服务,即网络在发送分组时不需要先建立连接,每一个分组(也就是IP数据报文)独立发送。

路由是数据通信网络中最基本的要素。路由信息就是指导IP报文发送的路径信息,路由的过程就是报文转发的过程。

本实验将通过IPv4地址以及IPv4静态路由的配置,帮助学员理解路由转发的基本原理。

2.1.1.2实验目的

掌握接口IPv4地址的配置方法
理解LoopBack接口的作用与含义
理解直连路由的产生原则
掌握静态路由的配置方法并理解其生效的条件
掌握通过PING工具测试网络层联通性
掌握并理解特殊静态路由的配置方法与应用场景

2.1.1.3实验组网介绍

在这里插入图片描述

IPv4编址及IPv4路由基础实验拓扑

2.1.1.4实验背景

R1、R2、R3都是各自网络的网关设备,现在需要通过相应的配置,来实现这些网络之间的互联互通。

2.1.2实验任务配置

2.1.2.1配置思路

1.配置路由器上各接口的IP地址
2配置静态路由来实现互联互通

2.1.2.2配置步骤

步骤1 设备基础配置

# 设备命名
略。

步骤2 查看路由器当前接口IP地址配置与路由表

# 查看路由器上的接口状态,仅以R1为例

[R1]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 1
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 3

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              unassigned           up         down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              unassigned           up         down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     

display ip interface brief命令用来查看接口与IP相关的简要信息,包括IP地址、子网掩码、物理状态和协议状态以及处于不同状态的接口数目等。
当前R1上的GigabitEthernet0/0/1和GigabitEthernet0/0/3接口由于尚未配置IP地址,所以lP Address/Mask字段为unassigned状态,Protocol字段为down状态,Physical字段为up状态

# 查看路由器上的路由表情况,仅以R1为例

[R1]display ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 4        Routes : 4        

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

InLoopBackO为设备上默认创建的环回接口,它是一个特殊的、固定的LoopBack接口。
InLoopBackO接口使用环回地址127.0.0.1/8,用来接收所有发送给本机的数据包。该接口上的IP地址是不可以改变的,也不通过路由协议对外发布。

步骤3 配置路由物理接口的IP地址

# 按照下表配置路由器的物理接口的IP地址
在这里插入图片描述

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.13.1 24 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.14.1 24 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdown 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.13.2 24 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.15.1 24 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdown 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.14.2 24 
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown 
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.15.2 24 
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdown 
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

# 使用ping工具测试联通性

[R1]ping 10.0.13.2
  PING 10.0.13.2: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 10.0.13.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=120 ms
    Reply from 10.0.13.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 10.0.13.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 10.0.13.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 10.0.13.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=20 ms

  --- 10.0.13.2 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 20/40/120 ms
[R1]ping 10.0.14.2
  PING 10.0.14.2: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 10.0.14.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=110 ms
    Reply from 10.0.14.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 10.0.14.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=30 ms
    Reply from 10.0.14.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=30 ms
    Reply from 10.0.14.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=10 ms

  --- 10.0.14.2 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 10/40/110 ms

# 查看R1的路由表

[R1]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 10       Routes : 10       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

      10.0.13.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.0.13.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
      10.0.13.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
    10.0.13.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
      10.0.14.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.0.14.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
      10.0.14.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
    10.0.14.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

可以看到,在接口IP地址配置完成之后,针对每个接口自动生成了三条直连路由。分别
是:
1.指向接口所在网段的路由。
2.指向接口IP地址的主机路由。
3.指向接口所在网段广播地址的主机路由。
注:主机路由就是掩码长度为32的路由。

步骤4创建并配置LoopBack 接口

# 按照下表配置设备的LoopBack接口
在这里插入图片描述
LoopBack接口属于设备上的逻辑接口,逻辑接口是指能够实现数据交换功能但物理上不存在、需要通过配置建立的接口。LoopBack接口创建后除非手工关闭该接口,否则LoopBack接口物理层状态和链路层协议永远处于UP状态。一般情况下,LoopBack接口使用32位掩码。使用LoopBack接口一般有如下目的:
1.作为一台路由器的管理地址,起到标识一台设备的作用。
2.使用该接口地址作为动态路由协议OSPF的router id。
3.其他提高网络可靠性的用途。
本实验使用LoopBack接口模拟客户端。

[R1]interface LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.0.1 32 
[R2]interface LoopBack 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.0.2 32 
[R3]interface LoopBack 0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.0.3 32 

# 查看设备上的路由表,以R1为例

[R1]display ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 11       Routes : 11       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

       10.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
      10.0.13.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.0.13.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/0
      10.0.13.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/0
    10.0.13.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/0
      10.0.14.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.0.14.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
      10.0.14.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
    10.0.14.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

比时已经生成了相应的直连路由

# 测试各LoopBack接口之间的联通性

[R1]ping -a 10.0.1.1 10.0.1.2
Warning: The specified source address is not a local address, the ping command w
ill not check the network connection.
  PING 10.0.1.2: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Request time out
    Request time out
    Request time out
    Request time out
    Request time out

  --- 10.0.1.2 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    0 packet(s) received
    100.00% packet loss

ping -a source-ip-address destination-ip-address命令用来指定发送ICMP ECHO-REQUEST报文的源IP地址及目的IP地址。此时由于路由器上没有到底该目的IP的路由条目,所以无法PING通。

步骤5 配置静态路由

# 在R1上配置到达R2和R3的LoopBack0接口的路由条目

[R1]ip route-static 10.0.1.2 32 10.0.13.2 
[R1]ip route-static 10.0.1.3 32 10.0.14.2

# 查看R1的路由表

[R1]display ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 12       Routes : 12       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

       10.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
       10.0.1.3/32  Static  60   0          RD   10.0.13.3       GigabitEthernet0/0/0
      10.0.13.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.0.13.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/0
      10.0.13.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/0
    10.0.13.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/0
      10.0.14.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.0.14.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
      10.0.14.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
    10.0.14.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

配置的静态路由被加入到了IP路由表中

# 测试联通性

[R1]ping -a 10.0.1.1 10.0.1.2
Warning: The specified source address is not a local address, the ping command w
ill not check the network connection.
  PING 10.0.1.2: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Request time out
    Request time out
    Request time out
    Request time out
    Request time out

  --- 10.0.1.2 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    0 packet(s) received
    100.00% packet loss

还是无法PING通R2的LoopBack0 接口,因为此时R2上没有到Rl的LoopBack0的路由
# 在R2上添加到达R1的LoopBackO的路由

[R2]ip route-static 10.0.1.1 32 10.0.13.1 

# 测试联通性

[R1]ping -a 10.0.1.1 10.0.1.2
  PING 10.0.1.2: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=10 ms
    Reply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=20 ms

  --- 10.0.1.2 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 10/18/20 ms

此时Rl的LoopBackO已经可以和R2的LoopBack0实现互通。
# 完成剩余路由条目的配置

[R2]ip route-static 10.0.1.3 32 10.0.15.2

[R3]ip route-static 10.0.1.1 32 10.0.14.1
[R3]ip route-static 10.0.1.2 32 10.0.15.1

# 读者自行测试路由器的LoopBack0接口之间的联通性

步骤6 配置R1->R3->R2作为R1的LoopBack0到R2的LoopBack0接口的备份路径

# 配置R1和R2上的静态路由

[R1]ip route-static 10.0.1.2 32 10.0.14.2 preference 100
[R2]ip route-static 10.0.1.1 32 10.0.15.2 preference 100

# 查看R1和R2上的路由表

[R1]display ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 13       Routes : 13       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

       10.0.1.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
       10.0.1.2/32  Static  60   0          RD   10.0.13.2       GigabitEthernet0/0/0
       10.0.1.3/32  Static  60   0          RD   10.0.14.2       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
      10.0.13.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.0.13.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/0
      10.0.13.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/0
    10.0.13.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/0
      10.0.14.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.0.14.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
      10.0.14.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
    10.0.14.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
[R2]display  ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 13       Routes : 13       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

       10.0.1.1/32  Static  60   0          RD   10.0.13.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/0
       10.0.1.2/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
       10.0.1.3/32  Static  60   0          RD   10.0.15.2       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
      10.0.13.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.0.13.2       GigabitEthernet0/0/0
      10.0.13.2/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/0
    10.0.13.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/0
      10.0.15.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.0.15.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
      10.0.15.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
    10.0.15.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

此时配置的preference 为100的静态路由没有被加载到路由表中。
# 关闭Rl和R2之间的链路对应的接口(GigabitEthernet0/0/3),使得优先级高的路由失效。
# 查看R1和R2上的路由表

[R1]display ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 10       Routes : 10       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

       10.0.1.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
       10.0.1.2/32  Static  100  0          RD   10.0.14.2       GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
       10.0.1.3/32  Static  60   0          RD   10.0.14.2       GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
      10.0.14.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.0.14.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
      10.0.14.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
    10.0.14.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
[R2]display  ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 10       Routes : 10       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

       10.0.1.1/32  Static  100  0          RD   10.0.15.2       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
       10.0.1.2/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
       10.0.1.3/32  Static  60   0          RD   10.0.15.2       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
      10.0.15.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.0.15.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
      10.0.15.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
    10.0.15.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

此时由于链路断开,原先的静态路由失效,低优先级的静态路由被激活。
# 检查联通性

[R1]ping -a 10.0.1.1  10.0.1.2
  PING 10.0.1.2: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=40 ms
    Reply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=30 ms
    Reply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=20 ms
    Reply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=20 ms
    Reply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=20 ms

  --- 10.0.1.2 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 20/26/40 ms

# 追踪数据包路径

[R1]tracert -a 10.0.1.1 10.0.1.2

 traceroute to  10.0.1.2(10.0.1.2), max hops: 30 ,packet length:40,press CTRL_C to break 

 1 10.0.14.2 30 ms  20 ms  10 ms 

 2 10.0.15.1 20 ms  20 ms  40 ms 

tracert命令主要用于查看数据包从源端到目的端的路径信息。可以看到数据包经过了R3的GigabitEthernet0/0/1,再经过R3的GigabitEthernet0/0/3转发给R2的GigabitEthernet0/0/4。
注:部分实验环境下设备出于安全考虑,不会回复ICMP报文,实验现象可能会有所偏差,可以按ctrl+c结束tracert。

步骤7通过默认路由实现Rl的LoopBack 0接口和R2的LoopBack 0接口互联互通
# 恢复接口并删除已经配置的路由条目
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R1]undo ip route-static 10.0.1.2 32 10.0.13.1
[R1]undo ip route-static 10.0.1.2 32 10.0.14.2 preference 100
# 查看R1的路由表

[R1]display ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 12       Routes : 12       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

       10.0.1.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
       10.0.1.3/32  Static  60   0          RD   10.0.14.2       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
      10.0.13.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.0.13.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/0
      10.0.13.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/0
    10.0.13.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/0
      10.0.14.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.0.14.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
      10.0.14.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
    10.0.14.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/1
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

此时Rl上没有到R2的LoopBack0 ( 10.0.1.2/32)的路由条目
# 在R1上配置默认路由

[R1]display ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 13       Routes : 13       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   Static  60   0          RD   10.0.13.2       GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
       10.0.1.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
       10.0.1.3/32  Static  60   0          RD   10.0.14.2       GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
      10.0.13.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.0.13.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
      10.0.13.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
    10.0.13.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
      10.0.14.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   10.0.14.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
      10.0.14.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
    10.0.14.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

默认路由已经被激活
# 测试R1的LoopBack0接口到R2的LoopBack0接口的联通性

[R1]ping -a 10.0.1.1 10.0.1.2
  PING 10.0.1.2: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=50 ms
    Reply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=10 ms
    Reply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=30 ms
    Reply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=30 ms
    Reply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=20 ms

  --- 10.0.1.2 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 10/28/50 ms

此时Rl的LoopBack0接口到R2的LoopBack0接口之间可以互联互通。

2.1.3结果验证

读者自行通过ping 和tracert命令检查设备LoopBack0接口之间的联通性。

2.1.4配置参考

R1的配置

#
 sysname R1
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 ip address 10.0.13.1 255.255.255.0 
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 ip address 10.0.14.1 255.255.255.0 
#
interface LoopBack0
 ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.255 
#
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.13.2
ip route-static 10.0.1.3 255.255.255.255 10.0.14.2

R2的配置

#
 sysname R2
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 ip address 10.0.13.2 255.255.255.0 
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 ip address 10.0.15.1 255.255.255.0 
#
interface LoopBack0
 ip address 10.0.1.2 255.255.255.255 
#
ip route-static 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.255 10.0.13.1
ip route-static 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.255 10.0.15.2 preference 100
ip route-static 10.0.1.3 255.255.255.255 10.0.15.2
#

R3的配置

#
 sysname R3
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 ip address 10.0.14.2 255.255.255.0 
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 ip address 10.0.15.2 255.255.255.0 
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
#
interface NULL0
#
interface LoopBack0
 ip address 10.0.1.3 255.255.255.255 
#
ip route-static 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.255 10.0.14.1
ip route-static 10.0.1.2 255.255.255.255 10.0.15.1
#
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