安装Oracle：Oracle 18c、Oracle 11g

最新推荐文章于 2021-04-04 02:05:58 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-04-04 02:05:58 发布

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yum -y update
yum -y upgrade
 
oracle所有数据库产品都可以下载。其中express版是完全免费的，其他的产品如果商用就要许可证了。
另外，没有购买许可证也没有服务。

Oracle Database Software Downloads
	https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/oracle-database-software-downloads.html

Oracle Database Express Edition
	Oracle Database 18c Express Edition
		https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/xe-downloads.html
	Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Express Edition for Windows 64
		https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/xe-prior-releases.html
	Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Express Edition for Linux x86 and Windows
		https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/xe-prior-releases.html

certutil -hashfile 文件名 MD5：用于获取文件的MD5
certutil -hashfile 文件名 SHA1：用于获取文件的SHA1
certutil -hashfile 文件名 SHA256：用于获取文件的SHA256

可以先更新依赖
	yum install -y smartmontools bc compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 glibc-devel ksh libaio-devel libstdc++-devel xorg-x11-utils xorg-x11-xauth bind-utils nfs-utils psmisc sysstat unzip
 

第一步安装
	oracle-database-preinstall-18c
		centos6：https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/latest/x86_64/getPackage/oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
		centos7：https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/x86_64/getPackage/oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
		安装 rpm -ivh oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 

第二部安装
	oracle-database-xe-18c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
		下载：https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/appdev/xe/quickstart.html

	1.Oracle Linux
		Download oracle-database-xe-18c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
		yum -y localinstall oracle-database*18c*
		/etc/init.d/oracle-xe-18c {start|stop|restart|configure|delete}
			1.初始化
				root用户执行下述命令/etc/init.d/oracle-xe-18c configure，然后输入密码 nagisa。
				最终显示如下信息：
					数据库创建完成。有关详细信息, 请查看以下位置的日志文件:
					/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/XE。
					数据库信息:
					全局数据库名:XE
					系统标识符 (SID):XE
				初始化完成后可以通过 netstat -anp |grep 1521 查看到正在占用该端口
				可通过查看日志目录 /opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/XE 查找报错信息
				默认安装目录：/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE
				
			2.初始化报错：
				Specified value of sga_target 548M is too small, needs to be at least 632M
				解决：
					服务器的内存或者虚拟机分配给linux的内存不足，分配大一点
					执行/etc/init.d/oracle-xe-18c configure初始化失败之后，必须执行/etc/init.d/oracle-xe-18c delete
					先删除之前初始化失败的文件数据，然后再重新执行/etc/init.d/oracle-xe-18c configure 再次初始化。
			
			3.启动：
				查看监听当前状态：lsnrctl status 
				启动监听：/etc/init.d/oracle-xe-18c start
				停用监听：/etc/init.d/oracle-xe-18c stop
				ps aux|grep oracle
				netstat -anp |grep 1521
 
	2.Red Hat compatible Linux distribution
		Download oracle-database-xe-18c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
		curl -o oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/x86_64/getPackage/oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
		yum -y localinstall oracle-database*18c*
		/etc/init.d/oracle-xe-18c configure
 
	3.配置 
		1.编辑环境变量的profile配置文件：vim /etc/profile
		2.profile配置文件末尾添加如下配置信息：
			export ORACLE_SID=XE
			export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE
			export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
			export PATH=$PATH:/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE/bin
		3.保存配置文件，重新加载配置文件：source /etc/profile
 
	4.主要配置文件
		/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE/network/admin
			listener.ora
			sqlnet.ora
			tnsnames.ora
 
	5.sqlplus
		sqlplus /nolog
		conn /as sysdba
		报错：
			ORA-01017:用户名/口令无效,登录被拒绝
			ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
		解决：
			1.把当前root用户添加到下面各种组中：
				usermod -a -G oinstall root
				usermod -a -G dba root
				usermod -a -G oper root
				usermod -a -G backupdba root
				usermod -a -G dgdba root
				usermod -a -G kmdba root
				usermod -a -G racdba root

			2.查看root的id：id root 
				打印出信息：uid=0(root) gid=0(root) 组=0(root),54321(oinstall),54322(dba),54323(oper),54324(backupdba),54325(dgdba),54326(kmdba),54330(racdba)
		 
			  可用于把当前用户从xx组中移除
				比如把当前root用户从dba组中移除：gpasswd -d root dba
				
				
			3.使用oracle用户：su - oracle
				1.sqlplus sys/sys as sysdba
				2.创建用户的时候用户名以c##或者C##开头即可。
					create user username
					identified by username
					default tablespace tablespace_name;
					比如：CREATE USER c##rootuser IDENTIFIED BY 123456;
		 
				3.授予权限
					grant connect,resource,dba to 用户名;
					grant connect,resource,create any table,drop any table,create sequence,
					      select any table, create any index, drop any index,
					      alter any trigger, create any trigger, drop any trigger,
					      alter any type, create any type, drop any type,
					      create any view, drop any view, create any directory,
					      create procedure, query rewrite, create session to 用户名;
					比如：
						grant connect,resource,dba to c##rootuser;
						grant connect,resource,create any table,drop any table,create sequence,select any table, create any index, drop any index,alter any trigger, create any trigger, drop any trigger,alter any type, create any type, drop any type,create any view, drop any view, create any directory,create procedure, query rewrite, create session to c##rootuser;
				
				4.授予DBA权限
					grant select on sys.v_$process to 用户名;
					grant select on sys.v_$parameter to 用户名;
					grant execute on dbms_lock to 用户名;
					grant select on sys.v_$lock to 用户名;
					grant select on sys.v_$session to 用户名;
					grant select on sys.v_$mystat to 用户名;
					grant select on sys.v_$session_wait to 用户名;
					grant select on dba_kgllock to 用户名;
					grant select on sys.v_$sqltext to 用户名;
					grant select on sys.slog$ to 用户名;
					grant alter session to 用户名;
					grant select on dba_undo_extents to 用户名;
					grant select on dba_tablespaces to 用户名;
					grant select on dba_free_space to 用户名;
					grant select on dba_data_files to 用户名;
		 
				5.sqlplus c##rootuser/123456
					#conn c##rootuser/123456;
					show user;
					#查看当前登录的用户的表
					select table_name from user_tables;

		#超级管理员：sys/change_on_install;
		#普通管理员：system/manager;
		#普通用户：scott/tiger;
		sqlplus sys/change_on_install as sysdba
		sqlplus system/manager as sysdba
		sqlplus scott/tiger as sysdba
		
		sqlplus
			输入用户名：sys
			输入密码：change_on_install as sysdba

	6.添加测试数据
		create table student(
		       sno   varchar2(3) not null,
		       sname varchar2(9) not null,
		       ssex  varchar2(3) not null,
		       sbirthday date,
		       sclass varchar2(5),
		       constraint pk_student primary key(sno)
		);
	
		insert into student(sno,sname,ssex,sbirthday,sclass) values(108,'曾华','男',to_date('1977-09-01','yyyy-mm-dd'),95033);
		insert into student(sno,sname,ssex,sbirthday,sclass) values(105,'匡明','男',to_date('1975-10-02','yyyy-mm-dd'),95031);
		insert into student(sno,sname,ssex,sbirthday,sclass) values(107,'王丽','女',to_date('1976-01-23','yyyy-mm-dd'),95033);
		insert into student(sno,sname,ssex,sbirthday,sclass) values(101,'李军','男',to_date('1976-02-20','yyyy-mm-dd'),95033);
		insert into student(sno,sname,ssex,sbirthday,sclass) values(109,'王芳','女',to_date('1975-02-10','yyyy-mm-dd'),95031);
		insert into student(sno,sname,ssex,sbirthday,sclass) values(103,'陆君','男',to_date('1974-06-03','yyyy-mm-dd'),95031);

		select * from student;

sqlplus
	window 上安装 sqlplus
		https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/instant-client/winx64-64-downloads.html
		instantclient-basic-windows.x64-19.6.0.0.0dbru.zip
		instantclient-sqlplus-windows.x64-19.6.0.0.0dbru.zip
		上述两个压缩包都会自动解压到同一个文件夹instantclient_19_6，进入该文件夹找到sqlplus.exe执行。
	
	linux 上安装 sqlplus
		https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/instant-client/linux-x86-64-downloads.html
		rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient19.8-basic-19.8.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm
		rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient19.8-sqlplus-19.8.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm
		
	1、连接远程数据库	sqlplus user/passwd@IP:端口/实例名
		例如：sqlplus root/nagisa@192.168.126.200:1521/orcl
	
	2、选择实例登录		sqlplus user/passwd@实例名
		例如：sqlplus root/nagisa@192.168.126.200:1521/orcl
 
 
Oralce SQL Developer
	https://www.oracle.com/tools/downloads/sqldev-downloads.html
	sqldeveloper-19.2.1.247.2212-no-jre.zip
	解压后 执行 sqldeveloper.exe
 
Oracle 11g、Oracle 18c 下载
	https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/oracle-database-software-downloads.html?source=:ow:o:h:feb::RC_WWMK200701P00098:DevLiveDatabase_OcomBanner