JAVA进阶——集合框架（2）

说说我们在开发时常用到的几个集合类，Vector，ArrayList以及LinkedList。

看vector代码：

package java.util;

public class Vector<E>
    extends AbstractList<E>
    implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
{
    /**
     * 用数组存储元素
     */
    protected Object[] elementData;

    /**
     *这个vector的有效对象数量
     */
    protected int elementCount;

    /**
     * 当vector要满的时候，vector就要扩容，下面这个值就是它的增量
     */
    protected int capacityIncrement;

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -2767605614048989439L;

    /**
     * 构造函数指定了初始容量和增量
     */
    public Vector(int initialCapacity, int capacityIncrement) {
        super();
        if (initialCapacity < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
                                               initialCapacity);
        this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
        this.capacityIncrement = capacityIncrement;
    }

    /**
     *简单，不说
     */
    public Vector(int initialCapacity) {
        this(initialCapacity, 0);
    }

    /**
     * 如果没有参数，默认是10的初始容量，增量为0
     */
    public Vector() {
        this(10);
    }


    /**
     * 把vector中没有元素空位置去掉，使它的容量等于它所有元素的数量
     */
    public synchronized void trimToSize() {
        modCount++;
        int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
        if (elementCount < oldCapacity) {
            elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, elementCount);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 增加vector的容量。
     */
    public synchronized void ensureCapacity(int minCapacity) {
        if (minCapacity > 0) {
            modCount++;
            ensureCapacityHelper(minCapacity);
        }
    }

    private void ensureCapacityHelper(int minCapacity) {
        // overflow-conscious code
        if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
            grow(minCapacity);
    }

    private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;

    /**
     * 增加vector的容量，当增量值是0或者<0的时候，vector的容量在原来的基础上翻倍；
     * 否则vector的容量就在原来的基础上加上增量
     */
    private void grow(int minCapacity) {
        // overflow-conscious code
        int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
        int newCapacity = oldCapacity + ((capacityIncrement > 0) ?
                                         capacityIncrement : oldCapacity);
        if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
            newCapacity = minCapacity;
        if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
            newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
        elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
    }

    private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) {
        if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow
            throw new OutOfMemoryError();
        return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ?
            Integer.MAX_VALUE :
            MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
    }

    .........
}

 再看ArrayList：

package java.util;


public class ArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E>
        implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
{
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 8683452581122892189L;

    /**
     * 用于存储元素的数组
     */
    private transient Object[] elementData;

    /**
     * 元素数量
     */
    private int size;

    /**
     * 构造初始容量大小的ArrayList
     */
    public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
        super();
        if (initialCapacity < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
                                               initialCapacity);
        this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
    }

    /**
     * 构造默认大小为10的ArrayList
     */
    public ArrayList() {
        this(10);
    }

    /**
     * 与Vector.trimToSize（）一样的功能
     */
    public void trimToSize() {
        modCount++;
        int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
        if (size < oldCapacity) {
            elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 增加ArrayList的容量
     */
    public void ensureCapacity(int minCapacity) {
        if (minCapacity > 0)
            ensureCapacityInternal(minCapacity);
    }

    private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
        modCount++;
        // overflow-conscious code
        if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
            grow(minCapacity);
    }

    private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;

    /**
     * 增加容量，增加量是原来的一半，即增加后的新容量为1.5倍原容量
     */
    private void grow(int minCapacity) {
        // overflow-conscious code
        int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
        int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
        if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
            newCapacity = minCapacity;
        if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
            newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
        // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
        elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
    }

    ........
}

 可以看到，ArrayList的大部分操作和Vector是一样的，只是方法前面少了synchronized关键字，这意味着Vector在效率上不如ArrayList，但是它可以保值数据的同步。

再看LinkedList：

package java.util;
public class LinkedList<E>
    extends AbstractSequentialList<E>
    implements List<E>, Deque<E>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
{
    transient int size = 0;

    /**
     * Pointer to first node.
     * Invariant: (first == null && last == null) ||
     *            (first.prev == null && first.item != null)
     */
    transient Node<E> first;

    /**
     * Pointer to last node.
     * Invariant: (first == null && last == null) ||
     *            (last.next == null && last.item != null)
     */
    transient Node<E> last;

    /**
     * Constructs an empty list.
     */
    public LinkedList() {
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a list containing the elements of the specified
     * collection, in the order they are returned by the collection's
     * iterator.
     *
     * @param  c the collection whose elements are to be placed into this list
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null
     */
    public LinkedList(Collection<? extends E> c) {
        this();
        addAll(c);
    }

    /**
     * 链表头加元素e
     */
    private void linkFirst(E e) {
        final Node<E> f = first;
        final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(null, e, f);
        first = newNode;
        if (f == null)
            last = newNode;
        else
            f.prev = newNode;
        size++;
        modCount++;
    }

    /**
     * 链表尾加元素e
     */
    void linkLast(E e) {
        final Node<E> l = last;
        final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(l, e, null);
        last = newNode;
        if (l == null)
            first = newNode;
        else
            l.next = newNode;
        size++;
        modCount++;
    }

    /**
     * 在指定元素succ前插入元素e
     */
    void linkBefore(E e, Node<E> succ) {
        // assert succ != null;
        final Node<E> pred = succ.prev;
        final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(pred, e, succ);
        succ.prev = newNode;
        if (pred == null)
            first = newNode;
        else
            pred.next = newNode;
        size++;
        modCount++;
    }

    /**
     * 去掉第一个元素
     */
    private E unlinkFirst(Node<E> f) {
        // assert f == first && f != null;
        final E element = f.item;
        final Node<E> next = f.next;
        f.item = null;
        f.next = null; // help GC
        first = next;
        if (next == null)
            last = null;
        else
            next.prev = null;
        size--;
        modCount++;
        return element;
    }

    /**
     * 去掉最后一个元素
     */
    private E unlinkLast(Node<E> l) {
        // assert l == last && l != null;
        final E element = l.item;
        final Node<E> prev = l.prev;
        l.item = null;
        l.prev = null; // help GC
        last = prev;
        if (prev == null)
            first = null;
        else
            prev.next = null;
        size--;
        modCount++;
        return element;
    }

    /**
     * 去掉元素X
     */
    E unlink(Node<E> x) {
        // assert x != null;
        final E element = x.item;
        final Node<E> next = x.next;
        final Node<E> prev = x.prev;

        if (prev == null) {
            first = next;
        } else {
            prev.next = next;
            x.prev = null;
        }

        if (next == null) {
            last = prev;
        } else {
            next.prev = prev;
            x.next = null;
        }

        x.item = null;
        size--;
        modCount++;
        return element;
    }

    /**
     * 返回第一个元素
     * @throws NoSuchElementException if this list is empty
     */
    public E getFirst() {
        final Node<E> f = first;
        if (f == null)
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
        return f.item;
    }

    /**
     *返回最后一个	元素
     */
    public E getLast() {
        final Node<E> l = last;
        if (l == null)
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
        return l.item;
    }

    /**
     * 移除第一个元素，并且返回第一个元素
     */
    public E removeFirst() {
        final Node<E> f = first;
        if (f == null)
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
        return unlinkFirst(f);
    }

    /**
     * 移除最后一个元素，并且返回它
     */
    public E removeLast() {
        final Node<E> l = last;
        if (l == null)
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
        return unlinkLast(l);
    }

    /**
     * 在表头插入一个元素
     */
    public void addFirst(E e) {
        linkFirst(e);
    }

    /**
     * 表尾插入一个元素
     */
    public void addLast(E e) {
        linkLast(e);
    }

    /**
     * 如果链表中有指定对象，返回true
     */
    public boolean contains(Object o) {
        return indexOf(o) != -1;
    }

    /**
     * 返回链表元素数量
     */
    public int size() {
        return size;
    }

    /**
     * 从链表末尾增加一个元素
     */
    public boolean add(E e) {
        linkLast(e);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * 移除链表中第一个与指定对象相同内容的元素，如果链表中没有该元素对象，返回false
     */
    public boolean remove(Object o) {
        if (o == null) {
            for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) {
                if (x.item == null) {
                    unlink(x);
                    return true;
                }
            }
        } else {
            for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) {
                if (o.equals(x.item)) {
                    unlink(x);
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    
    public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
        return addAll(size, c);
    }

    
    public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
        checkPositionIndex(index);

        Object[] a = c.toArray();
        int numNew = a.length;
        if (numNew == 0)
            return false;

        Node<E> pred, succ;
        if (index == size) {
            succ = null;
            pred = last;
        } else {
            succ = node(index);
            pred = succ.prev;
        }

        for (Object o : a) {
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") E e = (E) o;
            Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(pred, e, null);
            if (pred == null)
                first = newNode;
            else
                pred.next = newNode;
            pred = newNode;
        }

        if (succ == null) {
            last = pred;
        } else {
            pred.next = succ;
            succ.prev = pred;
        }

        size += numNew;
        modCount++;
        return true;
    }

    
    public void clear() {
        // Clearing all of the links between nodes is "unnecessary", but:
        // - helps a generational GC if the discarded nodes inhabit
        //   more than one generation
        // - is sure to free memory even if there is a reachable Iterator
        for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; ) {
            Node<E> next = x.next;
            x.item = null;
            x.next = null;
            x.prev = null;
            x = next;
        }
        first = last = null;
        size = 0;
        modCount++;
    }


    // Positional Access Operations

    /**
     * 返回指定位置的元素
     */
    public E get(int index) {
        checkElementIndex(index);
        return node(index).item;
    }

    /**
     * 设置指定位置的元素
     */
    public E set(int index, E element) {
        checkElementIndex(index);
        Node<E> x = node(index);
        E oldVal = x.item;
        x.item = element;
        return oldVal;
    }

    /**
     * 在指定位置增加元素
     */
    public void add(int index, E element) {
        checkPositionIndex(index);

        if (index == size)
            linkLast(element);
        else
            linkBefore(element, node(index));
    }

    /**
     * 移除指定位置元素
     */
    public E remove(int index) {
        checkElementIndex(index);
        return unlink(node(index));
    }

    

    /**
     * 返回指定位置的结点
     */
    Node<E> node(int index) {
        // assert isElementIndex(index);

        if (index < (size >> 1)) {
            Node<E> x = first;
            for (int i = 0; i < index; i++)
                x = x.next;
            return x;
        } else {
            Node<E> x = last;
            for (int i = size - 1; i > index; i--)
                x = x.prev;
            return x;
        }
    }

    // Search Operations

    /**
     * 返回指定对象第一次出现的位置
     */
    public int indexOf(Object o) {
        int index = 0;
        if (o == null) {
            for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) {
                if (x.item == null)
                    return index;
                index++;
            }
        } else {
            for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) {
                if (o.equals(x.item))
                    return index;
                index++;
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * 返回指定对象最后一次出现的位置
     */
    public int lastIndexOf(Object o) {
        int index = size;
        if (o == null) {
            for (Node<E> x = last; x != null; x = x.prev) {
                index--;
                if (x.item == null)
                    return index;
            }
        } else {
            for (Node<E> x = last; x != null; x = x.prev) {
                index--;
                if (o.equals(x.item))
                    return index;
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }

    // Queue operations.

    /**
     * 返回表头元素
     */
    public E element() {
        return getFirst();
    }

    /**
     * 返回并且移除表头元素
     */
    public E poll() {
        final Node<E> f = first;
        return (f == null) ? null : unlinkFirst(f);
    }

    /**
     * 返回并且移除表头元素
     */
    public E remove() {
        return removeFirst();
    }

    /**
     * 在表尾增加指定元素
     */
    public boolean offer(E e) {
        return add(e);
    }

    // Deque operations
    /**
     * 在表头插入指定元素
     */
    public boolean offerFirst(E e) {
        addFirst(e);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * 在表尾插入指定元素
     */
    public boolean offerLast(E e) {
        addLast(e);
        return true;
    }

    private static class Node<E> {
        E item;
        Node<E> next;
        Node<E> prev;

        Node(Node<E> prev, E element, Node<E> next) {
            this.item = element;
            this.next = next;
            this.prev = prev;
        }
    }
}

看了代码，总结一下：

 

Vector和ArrayList都是基于数组实现的，如果不指定大小，默认大小都是10，查询方便，但是插入，删除就麻烦，而且慢；

Vector和ArrayList的操作绝大部分是相同的，但是Vector的操作是synchronized的，也就是说是线程安全的，也意味着使用Vector的时候效率上不及ArrayList，但是ArrayList没有提供同步机制，线程不安全，所以并发的时候要额外做些功夫；

对于扩容操作，Vector如果的指定扩容增量，则每次扩容就增加一个增量，如果没有指定扩容增量，那么在原来的基出上翻倍；而ArrayList则在原来容量的基础上增加50％。

LinkedList是基于链表的实现，双向链表。插入，删除方便，但是查询什么的就慢了，你懂的。。。它还提供了队列，栈，下标的操作。。。如pop，push，peek，get(i)等等。。。