Kubernetes集群安装
1.前期准备
准备三台服务器 2核4G
1.k8s-master 172.31.0.2
2.k8s-node1 172.31.0.3
3.k8s-node2 172.31.0.4
开通青云服务器https://console.qingcloud.com/gd2/instances/
也可以在本机使用VMware搭建三台虚拟机
2.安装环境搭建
2.1 docker安装(所有机器)
# 1.移除旧版本docker
sudo yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-engine
# 2. 配置yum信息
# 更新yaml工具
sudo yum install -y yum-utils
# 指定yum源
sudo yum-config-manager \
--add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# 3.安装docker
yum install -y docker-ce-20.10.7 docker-ce-cli-20.10.7 containerd.io-1.4.6
# 4.启动并配置开启自启动
systemctl enable docker --now
# 5.配置docker镜像加速
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://82m9ar63.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m"
},
"storage-driver": "overlay2"
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker
2.2 安装kubeadm
# 官网说明的安装条件
● 一台兼容的 Linux 主机。Kubernetes 项目为基于 Debian 和 Red Hat 的 Linux 发行版以及一些不提供包管理器的发行版提供通用的指令
● 每台机器 2 GB 或更多的 RAM (如果少于这个数字将会影响你应用的运行内存)
● 2 CPU 核或更多
● 集群中的所有机器的网络彼此均能相互连接(公网和内网都可以)
○ 设置防火墙放行规则
● 节点之中不可以有重复的主机名、MAC 地址或 product_uuid。请参见这里了解更多详细信息。
○ 设置不同hostname
● 开启机器上的某些端口。请参见这里 了解更多详细信息。
○ 内网互信
● 禁用交换分区。为了保证 kubelet 正常工作,你 必须 禁用交换分区。
○ 永久关闭
2.2.1 配置基础环境
#各个机器设置自己的域名
hostnamectl set -hostname xxxx
# 将 SELinux 设置为 permissive 模式(相当于将其禁用)
sudo setenforce 0
sudo sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config
#关闭swap
swapoff -a
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
#允许 iptables 检查桥接流量
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
br_netfilter
EOF
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sudo sysctl --system
2.2.2 安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl
# 所有机器机器一起安装
# 指定安装的镜像地址
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl
EOF
# 安装
sudo yum install -y kubelet-1.20.9 kubeadm-1.20.9 kubectl-1.20.9 --disableexcludes=kubernetes
sudo systemctl enable --now kubelet
2.2.3 使用kubeadm引导集群
1. 下载各个机器需要的镜像
# 安装需要的镜像(所有机器)
sudo tee ./images.sh <<-'EOF'
#!/bin/bash
images=(
kube-apiserver:v1.20.9
kube-proxy:v1.20.9
kube-controller-manager:v1.20.9
kube-scheduler:v1.20.9
coredns:1.7.0
etcd:3.4.13-0
pause:3.2
)
for imageName in ${images[@]} ; do
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images/$imageName
done
EOF
chmod +x ./images.sh && ./images.sh
2. 初始化主节点
#所有机器添加master域名映射,以下需要修改为自己的
echo "172.31.0.2 cluster-endpoint" >> /etc/hosts
#主节点初始化 master执行
kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=172.31.0.2 \
--control-plane-endpoint=cluster-endpoint \
--image-repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images \
--kubernetes-version v1.20.9 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \
--pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16
安装成功后,出现以下提示,说明安装成功,将以下信息保存
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
You can now join any number of control-plane nodes by copying certificate authorities
and service account keys on each node and then running the following as root:
kubeadm join cluster-endpoint:6443 --token hums8f.vyx71prsg74ofce7 \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a394d059dd51d68bb007a532a037d0a477131480ae95f75840c461e85e2c6ae3 \
--control-plane
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join cluster-endpoint:6443 --token hums8f.vyx71prsg74ofce7 \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a394d059dd51d68bb007a532a037d0a477131480ae95f75840c461e85e2c6ae3
按步骤操作
1.第一步
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
2.此时主节点需要安装网络插件
# master安装calico插件
curl https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml -O
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
3.加入Node节点
# 根据你刚刚生成的,在node机器上执行,
kubeadm join cluster-endpoint:6443 --token hums8f.vyx71prsg74ofce7 \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a394d059dd51d68bb007a532a037d0a477131480ae95f75840c461e85e2c6ae3
4.验证集群是够开通成功
● 验证集群节点状态
○ kubectl get nodes
能看到 master和两台节点都是就绪状态说明集群安装成功
2.3 安装k8s dashboard
1.可以访问外网的情况下
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.3.1/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
2.无法访问外网
vi dashboard.yaml
kubectl apply -f dashboard.yaml
将以下内容复制到dashboard.yaml
# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
name: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
csrf: ""
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
# Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["secrets"]
resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
# Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["configmaps"]
resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
verbs: ["get", "update"]
# Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["services"]
resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
verbs: ["proxy"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["services/proxy"]
resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
verbs: ["get"]
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
# Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
- apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: Role
name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
replicas: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
containers:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard
image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.3.1
imagePullPolicy: Always
ports:
- containerPort: 8443
protocol: TCP
args:
- --auto-generate-certificates
- --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
# Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
# If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
# to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
# - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
volumeMounts:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
mountPath: /certs
# Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
- mountPath: /tmp
name: tmp-volume
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
scheme: HTTPS
path: /
port: 8443
initialDelaySeconds: 30
timeoutSeconds: 30
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
runAsUser: 1001
runAsGroup: 2001
volumes:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
secret:
secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
- name: tmp-volume
emptyDir: {}
serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
nodeSelector:
"kubernetes.io/os": linux
# Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
ports:
- port: 8000
targetPort: 8000
selector:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
replicas: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
annotations:
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
spec:
containers:
- name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.6
ports:
- containerPort: 8000
protocol: TCP
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
scheme: HTTP
path: /
port: 8000
initialDelaySeconds: 30
timeoutSeconds: 30
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /tmp
name: tmp-volume
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
runAsUser: 1001
runAsGroup: 2001
serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
nodeSelector:
"kubernetes.io/os": linux
# Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
volumes:
- name: tmp-volume
emptyDir: {}
2. 设置访问端口(master)
1. 设置访问端口
kubectl edit svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard
type: ClusterIP 改为 type: NodePort
2. 找到端口,在安全组放行
kubectl get svc -A |grep kubernetes-dashboard
访问: https://集群任意IP:端口 https://139.198.165.238:32759
3.创建访问账号
#创建访问账号,准备一个yaml文件; vi dash.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: admin-user
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: admin-user
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: admin-user
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
#执行 kubectl apply -f dash.yaml
4.获取令牌
#获取访问令牌
kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret $(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get sa/admin-user -o jsonpath="{.secrets[0].name}") -o go-template="{{.data.token | base64decode}}"
# Token令牌
eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IkVWTVk4eFRUc0kwVmZKUVdwMTE4WVF6NVNmVnlPUHB3aF9qeFBabnhZOHMifQ.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.LpXGYpyNYqN0uj3hXRYhQ6E68_wCrkvhczUJGvUrgDaEo4mds82bliMU2PaeiFUXYeJMovTMU8djbt3Mlzx2hJYK3YmzTIKKy-v-629PwgcWKy8zNxODezQVS6HqJG8hFW9OCrgKq8g1cNiX0mZUs2KWEQuzdwpPQ6u9l2yp7zs3chFXNB-h4QlmvgMvZyjt7wqsrf9sRUMQvipbezgLvFbs0k7LsMu5KP0ZaSnMpHN47SwmsR7n_BcwQ7lEKJqmU056ZgikzElyJVyJ5cIcNeR8hNivJBHj4KNzGr2DvDB7RzOMUQ-iL-4c1AP8PiNzcO3_oej03NyaucZSmBVQiA
5.登录dashboard
dashboard
3.基本的k8s命令
# k8s 基本命令 向k8s发送指令是通过kubectl发送
kubectl get nodes // 获取所以的节点
kubectl get pods -A // 获取所以的pod
kubectl get pod -owide // 查看pod的详细信息
kubectl apply -f xxx.yaml // 应用
kubectl get ns // 获取所以的名称空间
kubectl create ns xxx // 创建名称空间
kubectl delete ns xxx // 删除名称空间
kubectl describe pod mynginx // 描述k8s怎么创建pod
kubectl run pod名字 --image=容器 // 创建pod
kubectl delete pod pod名字 可选 -n 名称空间// 删除pod
kubectl logs pod名称 // 查看pod启动日志
kubectl create deployment my-dep --image=nginx -n 名称空间(默认是default)--replicas=3 部署的副本数
# 进入pod控制台
kubectl exec -it pod-name -- /bin/bash