##概述
通常我们要构建API 服务,自然少不了文档,但由于API与文档的分离使得我们每次对API进行的更改都需要再去修改文档后同步文档,不但编写稳定繁琐而且稍有纰漏难免就会出现调用的异常,而编写、同步文档通常是比较繁琐无趣的事。现在得益于Spring Boot 与Swagger,我们不但可以极速的搭建REST、RESTful风格的API服务并且还可以生成优美、强大的在线或离线API文档。
##开始
引入Maven依赖
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.bamboo</groupId>
<artifactId>springboot-1-1</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>springboot-1-1</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<repositories><!--ali 代码库 -->
<repository>
<id>maven-ali</id>
<url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
<releases>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</releases>
<snapshots>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<updatePolicy>always</updatePolicy>
<checksumPolicy>fail</checksumPolicy>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<!-- spring boot -->
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.3.0.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<dependencies>
<!-- spring boot -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 引入 spring-boot -swagger 并生成优美的API文档-->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
<version>2.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
<version>2.2.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
其他依赖和springboot入门的要求一样
application.properties
# \u76D1\u542C\u7AEF\u53E3
server.port=8080
Application.java
package com;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.context.web.SpringBootServletInitializer;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
@Api(value = "springboot服务",description="简单的计算服务API")
@RestController
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
@RequestMapping("/")
String home() {
return "sms server";
}
@ApiOperation("查询城市")
@RequestMapping("/city")
String city(String id) {
return "杭州";
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}
配置文件swagger2
package com;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import springfox.documentation.builders.ApiInfoBuilder;
import springfox.documentation.builders.PathSelectors;
import springfox.documentation.builders.RequestHandlerSelectors;
import springfox.documentation.service.ApiInfo;
import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType;
import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.Docket;
import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2;
@Configuration
@EnableSwagger2
public class Swagger2 {
@Bean
public Docket createRestApi() {
return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2)
.apiInfo(apiInfo())
.select()
.apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage("com"))
.paths(PathSelectors.any())
.build();
}
private ApiInfo apiInfo() {
return new ApiInfoBuilder()
.title("API文档构建Restful Api")
.description("更多Spring Boot相关文章请关注:http://www.xialeme.com/")
.termsOfServiceUrl("http://www.xialeme.com/")
.contact("zjcjava@163.com")
.version("1.0")
.build();
}
}
设置扫描的根目录
apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage(“com”))
UserController.java
package com;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.context.web.SpringBootServletInitializer;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParam;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParams;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiParam;
/**
* @Title: UserController.java
* @Package com
* @Description: TODO(用一句话描述该文件做什么)
* @author bamboo <a href="mailto:zjcjava@163.com?subject=hello,bamboo&body=Dear Bamboo:%0d%0a描述你的问题:">Bamboo</a>
* @date 2017年4月19日 下午2:48:25
* @version V1.0
*/
@Api(value = "users接口",description="users服务API根目录")
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value="/users") // 通过这里配置使下面的映射都在/users下,可去除
public class UserController {
static Map<Long, User> users = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<Long, User>());
@ApiOperation(value="获取用户列表", notes="")
@RequestMapping(value={""}, method=RequestMethod.GET)
public List<User> getUserList() {
List<User> r = new ArrayList<User>(users.values());
return r;
}
@ApiOperation(value="创建用户", notes="根据User对象创建用户")
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "user", value = "用户详细实体user", required = true, dataType = "User")
@RequestMapping(value="", method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String postUser(@RequestBody User user) {
users.put(user.getId(), user);
return "success";
}
@ApiOperation(value="获取用户详细信息", notes="根据url的id来获取用户详细信息")
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "用户ID", required = true, dataType = "Long")
@RequestMapping(value="/{id}", method=RequestMethod.GET)
public User getUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
return users.get(id);
}
@ApiOperation(value="更新用户详细信息", notes="根据url的id来指定更新对象,并根据传过来的user信息来更新用户详细信息")
@ApiImplicitParams({
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "用户ID", required = true, dataType = "Long"),
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "user", value = "用户详细实体user", required = true, dataType = "User")
})
@RequestMapping(value="/{id}", method=RequestMethod.PUT)
public String putUser(@PathVariable Long id, @RequestBody User user) {
User u = users.get(id);
u.setName(user.getName());
u.setAge(user.getAge());
users.put(id, u);
return "success";
}
@ApiOperation(value="删除用户", notes="根据url的id来指定删除对象")
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "用户ID", required = true, dataType = "Long")
@RequestMapping(value="/{id}", method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public String deleteUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
users.remove(id);
return "success";
}
}
注解说明
其中@ApiOperation和@ApiParam为添加的API相关注解,个参数说明如下:
@ApiOperation(value = “接口说明”, httpMethod = “接口请求方式”, response = “接口返回参数类型”, notes = “接口发布说明”;其他参数可参考源码;
@ApiParam(required = “是否必须参数”, name = “参数名称”, value = “参数具体描述”
在上面只展示了如何使用,这里将对上面添加的swagger注解进行说明,笔记使用时参考了swagger annotations Api 手册,接下来进行部分常用注解使用说明介绍。
- @ApiIgnore 忽略注解标注的类或者方法,不添加到API文档中
@ApiOperation 展示每个API基本信息
value api名称
notes 备注说明
@ApiImplicitParam 用于规定接收参数类型、名称、是否必须等信息
name 对应方法中接收参数名称
value 备注说明
required 是否必须 boolean
paramType 参数类型 body、path、query、header、form中的一种
body 使用@RequestBody接收数据 POST有效
path 在url中配置{}的参数
query 普通查询参数 例如 ?query=q ,jquery ajax中data设置的值也可以,例如 {query:”q”},springMVC中不需要添加注解接收
header 使用@RequestHeader接收数据
form 笔者未使用,请查看官方API文档
dataType 数据类型,如果类型名称相同,请指定全路径,例如 dataType = “java.util.Date”,springfox会自动根据类型生成模型
@ApiImplicitParams 包含多个@ApiImplicitParam
@ApiModelProperty 对模型中属性添加说明,例如 上面的PageInfoBeen、BlogArticleBeen这两个类中使用,只能使用在类中。
value 参数名称
required 是否必须 boolean
hidden 是否隐藏 boolean
其他信息和上面同名属性作用相同,hidden属性对于集合不能隐藏,目前不知道原因
@ApiParam 对单独某个参数进行说明,使用在类中或者controller方法中都可以。注解中的属性和上面列出的同名属性作用相同
以上为主要常用的注解介绍,请结合springfox使用查看
给一个各个参数类型的demo
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/v1/api")
public class HomeApiController{
//这里使用POST @RequestBody必须使用POST才能接收,这里方便讲解
@ApiOperation(value = "一个测试API", notes = "第一个测试API")
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping(value = "/test/{path}", method = RequestMethod.POST)
@ApiImplicitParams({
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "blogArticleBeen", value = "文档对象", required = true, paramType = "body", dataType = "BlogArticleBeen"),
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "path", value = "url上的数据", required = true, paramType = "path", dataType = "Long"),
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "query", value = "query类型参数", required = true, paramType = "query", dataType = "String"),
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "apiKey", value = "header中的数据", required = true, paramType = "header", dataType = "String")
})
public JSONResult test(@RequestBody BlogArticleBeen blogArticleBeen,
@PathVariable Long path,
String query,
@RequestHeader String apiKey,
PageInfoBeen pageInfoBeen){
System.out.println("blogArticleBeen.getLastUpdateTime():"+blogArticleBeen.getLastUpdateTime());
System.out.println("blogArticleBeen.getSorter():"+blogArticleBeen.getSorter());
System.out.println("path:"+path);
System.out.println("query:"+query);
System.out.println("apiKey:"+apiKey);
System.out.println("pageInfoBeen.getNowPage():"+pageInfoBeen.getNowPage());
System.out.println("pageInfoBeen.getPageSize():"+pageInfoBeen.getPageSize());
JSONResult jsonResult = new JSONResult();
jsonResult.setMessage("success");
jsonResult.setMessageCode(null);
jsonResult.setCode(0);
jsonResult.setBody(null);
return jsonResult;
}
}
运行效果
运行application.java如下图
http://localhost:8080/swagger-ui.html
点击user接口 会显示所有扫描的接口路径,但是视乎和我们想要的不太一样,如果不在接口的mapping中加入method则会把所有的可能都会显示到doc中
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-YT813S8K-1591961823853)(https://img-blog.csdn.net/20170419183042208?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvempjamF2YQ==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/SouthEast)]
##API文档访问与调试
先添加数据
在上图请求的页面中,我们看到user的Value是个输入框?是的,Swagger除了查看接口功能外,还提供了调试测试功能,我们可以点击上图中右侧的Model Schema(黄色区域:它指明了User的数据结构),此时Value中就有了user对象的模板,我们只需要稍适修改,点击下方“Try it out!”按钮,即可完成了一次请求调用!
此时,你也可以通过几个GET请求来验证之前的POST请求是否正确。
相比为这些接口编写文档的工作,我们增加的配置内容是非常少而且精简的,对于原有代码的侵入也在忍受范围之内。因此,在构建RESTful API的同时,加入swagger来对API文档进行管理,是个不错的选择。
完整结果示例可查看github
携带token
参考资料
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1642728
参考信息
Swagger官方网站