single-source shortest path in directed graph

two common operations vertex initialisation and relax

vertex initialisation -> set key of each vertex to max value; set precedence to null; set key of s (start vertex) to 0;

relax(u,v,w) -> set key of vertex v to lower value u.key + w(u,v) if any. If yes, set v.precedence to u

- Bellman-Ford, O(VE)

• take n-1 rounds of relaxes of each edge.
• can be used to detect negative weight loop which doesn't has shorted path

- topological sort for PERT (Program Execute and Review Technique),  O(V + E)

• sort vertices in topological order
• for each vertex, relax on its all adjacent vertices.
• find key path of PERT

- Dijkstra, O((V + E)lgv), only for non-negative weight graph

• sort vertex in non-decreasing order on key of vertex (put vertices in priority queue)
• take vertex from the queue and relax on its all adjacent vertices. order is updated in the queue.

- shortest path on directed graph for System of Difference Constraints

• constraints, xj-xi <= w. (i,j belong to V), the number of constraints should exceed |V|
• n = |V|, is number of vertices for xi.
• w is weight of edge (vi, vj)
  
• add one more node v0 and edges (v0, vi) with weight of 0
• shortest path (v0, v1), (v0, v2)... is solution of xi.