路由网关什么是Zuul?
Zuul的主要功能是路由转发和过滤器。路由功能是微服务的一部分,比如/api/payment转发到到payment服务,/api/login转发到到login服务。zuul默认和Ribbon结合实现了负载均衡的功能。
zuul有以下功能:
- Authentication
- Insights
- Stress Testing
- Canary Testing
- Dynamic Routing
- Service Migration
- Load Shedding
- Security
- Static Response handling
- Active/Active traffic management
一、使用Zuul
1、修改pom.xml
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
完整pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>serverzuul</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>serverzuul</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Finchley.RC2</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
2、编写Controller类
在其入口applicaton类加上注解@EnableZuulProxy,开启zuul的功能
package com.cloud.serverzuul;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableZuulProxy
public class ServerzuulApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ServerzuulApplication.class, args);
}
}
首先指定服务注册中心的地址为http://localhost:8761/eureka/,服务的端口为8767,服务名为service-zuul;以/api-a/ 开头的请求都转发给service-ribbon服务;以/api-b/开头的请求都转发给service-feign服务
3、配置文件
server.port=8767
spring.application.name=service-zuul
#指定服务中心地址
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka/
feign.hystrix.enabled=true
zuul.routes.api-a.path=/api-a/**
zuul.routes.api-a.serviceId=service-ribbon
zuul.routes.api-b.path=/api-b/**
zuul.routes.api-b.serviceId=service-feign
4、通过zuul指定的ribbon去消费
5、通过zuul指定的通过feign去消费
Spring Boot与Spring Cloud学习使用可参看笔者博客
①Spring Cloud入门教程之服务注册与发现Eureka
②Spring Cloud入门教程之服务消费者 Ribbon
⑥Spring Cloud入门教程之分布式配置中心 Spring Cloud Config