SimpleDateFormat是不是线程安全

通过源码跟踪发现，SimpleDateFormat调用establish方法后，进入Calendarbuilder类，在establish方法中源码是这样进行描述的。

  Calendar establish(Calendar cal) {
        boolean weekDate = isSet(WEEK_YEAR)
                            && field[WEEK_YEAR] > field[YEAR];
        if (weekDate && !cal.isWeekDateSupported()) {
            // Use YEAR instead
            if (!isSet(YEAR)) {
            //当判断后进行set值
                set(YEAR, field[MAX_FIELD + WEEK_YEAR]);
            }
            weekDate = false;
        }
		//进行清理值
        cal.clear();
        // Set the fields from the min stamp to the max stamp so that
        // the field resolution works in the Calendar.
        for (int stamp = MINIMUM_USER_STAMP; stamp < nextStamp; stamp++) {
            for (int index = 0; index <= maxFieldIndex; index++) {
                if (field[index] == stamp) {
                    cal.set(index, field[MAX_FIELD + index]);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        if (weekDate) {
            int weekOfYear = isSet(WEEK_OF_YEAR) ? field[MAX_FIELD + WEEK_OF_YEAR] : 1;
            int dayOfWeek = isSet(DAY_OF_WEEK) ?
                                field[MAX_FIELD + DAY_OF_WEEK] : cal.getFirstDayOfWeek();
            if (!isValidDayOfWeek(dayOfWeek) && cal.isLenient()) {
                if (dayOfWeek >= 8) {
                    dayOfWeek--;
                    weekOfYear += dayOfWeek / 7;
                    dayOfWeek = (dayOfWeek % 7) + 1;
                } else {
                    while (dayOfWeek <= 0) {
                        dayOfWeek += 7;
                        weekOfYear--;
                    }
                }
                dayOfWeek = toCalendarDayOfWeek(dayOfWeek);
            }
            cal.setWeekDate(field[MAX_FIELD + WEEK_YEAR], weekOfYear, dayOfWeek);
        }
        return cal;
    }

然而看了Calendar内部机制，Calendar并没有线程安全的机制并且本身也不支持线程安全机制。并且set 和clear并没有进行原子性操作。在高并发场景下，同时操作一个SimpleDateFormat时就会发现cal会混乱。然而format（）方法也是一样的效果也会导致数据缭乱。

解决方案：
在高并发情况下推荐使用ThreadLocal/DateTimeFormatter/joda-time库方式。