837. New 21 Game

Alice plays the following game, loosely based on the card game "21".

Alice starts with 0 points, and draws numbers while she has less than K points.  During each draw, she gains an integer number of points randomly from the range [1, W], where W is an integer.  Each draw is independent and the outcomes have equal probabilities.

Alice stops drawing numbers when she gets K or more points.  What is the probability that she has N or less points?

Example 1:

Input: N = 10, K = 1, W = 10
Output: 1.00000
Explanation:  Alice gets a single card, then stops.

Example 2:

Input: N = 6, K = 1, W = 10
Output: 0.60000
Explanation:  Alice gets a single card, then stops.
In 6 out of W = 10 possibilities, she is at or below N = 6 points.

Example 3:

Input: N = 21, K = 17, W = 10
Output: 0.73278

Note:

1. 0 <= K <= N <= 10000
2. 1 <= W <= 10000
3. Answers will be accepted as correct if they are within 10^-5 of the correct answer.
4. The judging time limit has been reduced for this question.

最开始一直在想怎么递归，看AC的人少就没做了

答案是DP，其实想想也是有很明显的状态转移方程，当前位置与后面W个位置的相关联，自然也就想到从后往前推

然后额外维护个数组减小点复杂度

class Solution(object):
    def new21Game(self, N, K, W):
        """
        :type N: int
        :type K: int
        :type W: int
        :rtype: float
        """
        dp = [0.0]*(N+W+2)
        sum = [0.0]*(N+W+2)
        for i in range(N+W+1,-1,-1):
            if i>N: continue
            if i>=K: dp[i]=1.0
            else: dp[i]=(sum[i+1]-sum[i+1+W])/W
            
            sum[i] = sum[i+1]+dp[i]
        
        return dp[0]

s=Solution()
print(s.new21Game(N = 10, K = 1, W = 10))
print(s.new21Game(N = 6, K = 1, W = 10))
print(s.new21Game(N = 21, K = 17, W = 10))