说明：本文所用的SpringMVC版本为4.3.4.RELEASE，应用服务器为TomCat8.0.33。
前面几篇文章我们简单的分析了一下SpringMVC初始化的过程，接下来的这几篇文章我们从源码的角度分析一下SpringMVC对请求的处理过程。这一篇文章我们来分析请求从service到DispatcherServlet的doDispatch的过程。我们做web开发的同学大都对Servlet的生命周期比较了解，对Servlet规范也有一些了解。我们知道请求在被Servlet处理之前会先被过滤器处理，过滤器处理完之后会调用Servlet的service方法来对相应的请求进行处理响应(关于过滤器可以看这里)。所以我们这里分析的入口是Servlet的service方法。我们在用SpringMVC的时候，通常都会在web.xml中进行这样的配置：
<servlet>
<servlet-name>spring-mvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:learn-spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>spring-mvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
在上面的类图中我们先关注蓝色线的这一部分，即左面的这一部分内容。从上面的类图中我们可以看到DispatcherServlet继承了FrameworkServlet，FrameworkServlet继承了HttpServletBean，HttpServletBean继承了HttpServlet，HttpServlet继承了GenericServlet，GenericServlet则实现了我们最顶级的接口Servlet和ServletConfig。请求的主要时序图如下：
从DispatcherServlet的源码中我们没有找到service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)这个方法，但是我们在DispatcherServlet的父类HttpServlet中找到了这个方法，我们去HttpServlet中看看这个方法的内容：
HttpServlet#service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
@Override
public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpServletRequest request;
HttpServletResponse response;
try {
request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
} catch (ClassCastException e) {
throw new ServletException("non-HTTP request or response");
}
service(request, response);
}
}FrameworkServlet#service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpMethod httpMethod = HttpMethod.resolve(request.getMethod());
if (HttpMethod.PATCH == httpMethod || httpMethod == null) {
processRequest(request, response);
}
else {
super.service(request, response);
}
}public enum HttpMethod {
GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, OPTIONS, TRACE;
private static final Map<String, HttpMethod> mappings = new HashMap<String, HttpMethod>(8);
static {
for (HttpMethod httpMethod : values()) {
mappings.put(httpMethod.name(), httpMethod);
}
}
public static HttpMethod resolve(String method) {
return (method != null ? mappings.get(method) : null);
}
public boolean matches(String method) {
return (this == resolve(method));
}
}HttpServlet#service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取请求类型
String method = req.getMethod();
//如果是get请求
if (method.equals(METHOD_GET)) {
//检查是不是开启了页面缓存 通过header头的 Last-Modified/If-Modified-Since
//获取Last-Modified的值
long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
if (lastModified == -1) {
// servlet doesn't support if-modified-since, no reason
// to go through further expensive logic
//没有开启页面缓存调用doGet方法
doGet(req, resp);
} else {
long ifModifiedSince;
try {
//获取If-Modified-Since的值
ifModifiedSince = req.getDateHeader(HEADER_IFMODSINCE);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
ifModifiedSince = -1;
}
if (ifModifiedSince < (lastModified / 1000 * 1000)) {
// If the servlet mod time is later, call doGet()
// Round down to the nearest second for a proper compare
// A ifModifiedSince of -1 will always be less
//更新Last-Modified
maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
//调用doGet方法
doGet(req, resp);
} else {
//设置304状态码 在HttpServletResponse中定义了很多常用的状态码
resp.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_MODIFIED);
}
}
} else if (method.equals(METHOD_HEAD)) {
//调用doHead方法
long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
doHead(req, resp);
} else if (method.equals(METHOD_POST)) {
//调用doPost方法
doPost(req, resp);
} else if (method.equals(METHOD_PUT)) {
//调用doPost方法
doPut(req, resp);
} else if (method.equals(METHOD_DELETE)) {
//调用doPost方法
doDelete(req, resp);
} else if (method.equals(METHOD_OPTIONS)) {
//调用doPost方法
doOptions(req,resp);
} else if (method.equals(METHOD_TRACE)) {
//调用doPost方法
doTrace(req,resp);
} else {
//服务器不支持的方法 直接返回错误信息
String errMsg = lStrings.getString("http.method_not_implemented");
Object[] errArgs = new Object[1];
errArgs[0] = method;
errMsg = MessageFormat.format(errMsg, errArgs);
resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, errMsg);
}
}FrameworkServlet#processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
protected final void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
Throwable failureCause = null;
LocaleContext previousLocaleContext = LocaleContextHolder.getLocaleContext();
//国际化
LocaleContext localeContext = buildLocaleContext(request);
RequestAttributes previousAttributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
//构建ServletRequestAttributes对象
ServletRequestAttributes requestAttributes = buildRequestAttributes(request, response, previousAttributes);
//异步管理
WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
asyncManager.registerCallableInterceptor(FrameworkServlet.class.getName(), new RequestBindingInterceptor());
//初始化ContextHolders
initContextHolders(request, localeContext, requestAttributes);
//执行doService
try {
doService(request, response);
}
finally {
//重新设置ContextHolders
resetContextHolders(request, previousLocaleContext, previousAttributes);
if (requestAttributes != null) {
requestAttributes.requestCompleted();
}
//发布请求处理事件
publishRequestHandledEvent(request, response, startTime, failureCause);
}
}
国际化的设置主要是在DispatcherServlet#buildLocaleContext这个方法中完成的，其源码如下：
protected LocaleContext buildLocaleContext(final HttpServletRequest request) {
if (this.localeResolver instanceof LocaleContextResolver) {
return ((LocaleContextResolver) this.localeResolver).resolveLocaleContext(request);
}
else {
return new LocaleContext() {
@Override
public Locale getLocale() {
return localeResolver.resolveLocale(request);
}
};
}
}initContextHolders这个方法主要是将Request请求、ServletRequestAttribute对象和国际化对象放入到上下文中。其源码如下：
private void initContextHolders(
HttpServletRequest request, LocaleContext localeContext, RequestAttributes requestAttributes) {
if (localeContext != null) {
LocaleContextHolder.setLocaleContext(localeContext, this.threadContextInheritable);//threadContextInheritable默认为false
}
if (requestAttributes != null) {//threadContextInheritable默认为false
RequestContextHolder.setRequestAttributes(requestAttributes, this.threadContextInheritable);
}
}HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes().resolveReference(RequestAttributes.REFERENCE_REQUEST);DispatcherServlet#doService
我们接下来分析一下DispatcherServlet中的doService这个方法
@Override
protected void doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
//include这种的
Map<String, Object> attributesSnapshot = null;
if (WebUtils.isIncludeRequest(request)) {
attributesSnapshot = new HashMap<String, Object>();
Enumeration<?> attrNames = request.getAttributeNames();
while (attrNames.hasMoreElements()) {
String attrName = (String) attrNames.nextElement();
if (this.cleanupAfterInclude || attrName.startsWith("org.springframework.web.servlet")) {
attributesSnapshot.put(attrName, request.getAttribute(attrName));
}
}
}
//Spring上下文
request.setAttribute(WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, getWebApplicationContext());
//国际化解析器
request.setAttribute(LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.localeResolver);
//主题解析器
request.setAttribute(THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.themeResolver);
//主题
request.setAttribute(THEME_SOURCE_ATTRIBUTE, getThemeSource());
//重定向的数据
FlashMap inputFlashMap = this.flashMapManager.retrieveAndUpdate(request, response);
if (inputFlashMap != null) {
request.setAttribute(INPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, Collections.unmodifiableMap(inputFlashMap));
}
request.setAttribute(OUTPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, new FlashMap());
request.setAttribute(FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE, this.flashMapManager);
try {
//调用doDispatch方法-核心方法
doDispatch(request, response);
}
finally {
if (!WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
// Restore the original attribute snapshot, in case of an include.
if (attributesSnapshot != null) {
restoreAttributesAfterInclude(request, attributesSnapshot);
}
}
}
}
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