基于MVC和三层架构，用jsp-Servlet-JavaBean实现登录和注册

最新推荐文章于 2023-04-06 20:47:43 发布

zl_StepByStep

最新推荐文章于 2023-04-06 20:47:43 发布

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分类专栏： Java Web实例文章标签：三层架构和MVC 登录注册

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zl_StepByStep/article/details/79616418

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用eclipse写了一个学生管理系统sms项目，如下为目录结构：

我们先回忆下MVC和三层架构，先上图：

把MVC和三层架构分清楚之后就来开始我们的项目：

由于要实现的功能比较简单，项目也很小，需求也很简单，我们可以从数据库自顶向下写。

1.创建数据库表（MySQL中）。

登陆的话就需要一张用户信息表，用户是学生，学生登录会用到学号（num）和密码（password），表中必须要有的就有学号和密码；

数据库表必须要有一个主键，学号是与业务相关的，不能把它当作主键，可以设一个id，它是业务无关主键，把它设为Integer包装类，方便判断它是否为null。

还可以为学生添加姓名：name、年龄：age、分数：score等

2.根据MVC+三层架构的需要创建包

beans（模型）、servlets（控制器）、service（服务层）、DAO（数据持久层）、utils（工具类），

（包的名字自己取，分别以上面几个单词结尾就好）

3.根据数据库表在beans包下创建Student类

代码如下：

package com.zl.beans;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Student implements Serializable {
	
	private Integer id; //id是个业务无关主键，把它设为Integer包装类，可以判断它是否为null
	private String num; //num是学号，但是不把它当主键
	private String password; //登录密码
	private String name;
	private int age;
	private double score;
	
	
	public Student() {
		super();
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	public Student(String num,String password, String name, int age, double score) {
		super();
		this.num = num; 
		this.password = password;
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
		this.score = score;
	}

	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getNum() {
		return num;
	}

	public void setNum(String num) {
		this.num = num;
	}

	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}

	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

	public double getScore() {
		return score;
	}

	public void setScore(double score) {
		this.score = score;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [id=" + id + ", num=" + num + ", password=" + password + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age
				+ ", score=" + score + "]";
	}
}

4.写登录界面login.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>学生登陆</title>
</head>
<body>
    ${message}<br>
    <!--${pageContext.request.contextPath }获取当前应用的根  -->
	<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/loginServlet" method="post">
	    学号：<input type="text" name="num"><br>
	    密码：<input type="password" name="password"><br>
	    <input type="submit" value="登录">
	</form>
	<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/toRegisterServlet">注册</a>
</body>
</html>

5.写登录时负责跳转的Servlet，LoginServlet.java

需要先在web.xml里添加：

<servlet>
    <display-name>LoginServlet</display-name>
    <servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.zl.servlets.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/loginServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

LoginServlet.java

package com.zl.servlets;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import com.zl.beans.Student;
import com.zl.service.IStudentService;
import com.zl.service.StudentServiceImpl;


public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		//1.接收请求
		String num = request.getParameter("num");
		String password = request.getParameter("password");
		
		//获取session
		HttpSession session = request.getSession();
		
		/* "".equals(num.trim())表示用户输入了空串儿，但是是从表单登录的
		 * num == null为的是防止用户从地址栏访问 */
		if(num == null || "".equals(num.trim())) { 
			//request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request,response);//请求转发时，若用户恶意刷新会占用服务端的资源
			session.setAttribute("message", "学号输入有误！");
			response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/login.jsp");//重定向 ， 防止恶意刷新			
			return;
		}
		if(password == null || "".equals(password.trim())) { 
			session.setAttribute("message", "密码输入有误！");
			response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/login.jsp");//重定向 ， 防止恶意刷新			
			return;
		}
		
		//2.创建Service对象
		IStudentService service = new StudentServiceImpl();//注意接口和实现类的命名方式
		
		
		//3.调用Service对象的checkStudent()方法对用户进行验证
		Student student = service.checkUser(num,password);
		
		//4.验证通过，则跳转到系统主页index.jsp
		response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/index.jsp");//重定向 ， 防止恶意刷新			

		
		//5.验证未通过，则跳转到登录页面，让用户再次登录，此时需要给用户一些提示信息
		if(student == null) {
			session.setAttribute("message", "用户名或密码输入有误！");
			response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/login.jsp");//重定向 ， 防止恶意刷新			
			return;
		}
		
	}

}

6.根据在LoginServlet.java里的需要，创建相应的接口和实现类

接口：IStudentService.java

package com.zl.service;

import com.zl.beans.Student;

public interface IStudentService {
	//对用户进行验证
	Student checkUser(String num, String password);

	//向DB中添加Student
	Integer saveStudent(Student student);

}

实现类：StudentServiceImpl.java

package com.zl.service;

import com.zl.DAO.IStudentDao;
import com.zl.DAO.StudentDaoImpl;
import com.zl.beans.Student;

public class StudentServiceImpl implements IStudentService {
	private IStudentDao dao;
	
	
	public StudentServiceImpl() {
		dao = new StudentDaoImpl();
	}


	public Student checkUser(String num, String password) {

		return dao.selectStudentLogin(num,password);
	}


	@Override
	public Integer saveStudent(Student student) {
		return dao.insertStudent(student);
	}

}

7.在utils包下写工具类JdbcUtils.java

package com.zl.utils;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

/*一旦工具类发生异常，若使用try catch捕捉异常，工具类的调用者根本不知道哪错了，所以工具类里一般不用try catch*/
public class JdbcUtils {
    // 加载驱动
    static {
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    // 获取数据库连接Connection对象
    private static Connection conn;

    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        String url = "jdbc:mysql:///test"; // jdbc总协议，mysql子协议，///数据库在本机且端口号是3306，test数据库
        String user = "root";
        String password = "123456";

        Connection conn = null;
        if (conn == null || conn.isClosed()) {
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
        }
        return conn;
    }

    // 关闭资源
    public static void close(Connection conn, Statement stmt, ResultSet rs) throws SQLException {
        if (conn != null && !conn.isClosed()) {
            conn.close();
        }
        if (stmt != null && !stmt.isClosed()) {
            stmt.close();
        }
        if (rs != null && !rs.isClosed()) {
            rs.close();
        }
    }
}

8.写DAO层的接口和实现类

接口：IStudentDao.java

package com.zl.DAO;

import com.zl.beans.Student;

public interface IStudentDao {
	Student selectStudentLogin(String num, String password);
	return insertStudent(Student student);

}

实现类：StudentDaoImpl.java

package com.zl.DAO;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

import com.zl.beans.Student;
import com.zl.utils.JdbcUtils;

public class StudentDaoImpl implements IStudentDao {
	private Connection conn;
	private Statement st;
	private PreparedStatement ps;
	private ResultSet rs;

	
	@Override
	public Student selectStudentLogin(String num, String password) {
		Student student = null;
		try {
			conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
			String sql = "select * from student where num=? and password=?";
			ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
			ps.setString(1, num);
			ps.setString(2, password);
			rs = ps.executeQuery();
			
			if(rs.next()) {
				student = new Student();
				student.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
				student.setNum(rs.getString("num"));
				student.setName(rs.getString("name"));
				student.setPassword(rs.getString("password"));
				student.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));
				student.setScore(rs.getDouble("score"));
				
			}
			
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally {
			try {
				JdbcUtils.close(conn, ps, rs);
			} catch (SQLException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		
		return student;
	}


	@Override
	public Integer insertStudent(Student student) {
		Integer id = null;
		try {
			conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
			String sql = "insert into student(num,password,name,age,score) values(?,?,?,?,?)";
			ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
			ps.setString(1, student.getNum());
			ps.setString(2, student.getPassword());
			ps.setString(3, student.getName());
			ps.setInt(4, student.getAge());
			ps.setDouble(5, student.getScore());
			
			ps.executeUpdate();
			
			//sql = "select @@identity newId";//获取一个id（数据库表里的id是自增的）
			sql = "select last_insert_id() newId";
			ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
			rs = ps.executeQuery();
			if(rs.next()){
				id = rs.getInt("newId");
			}
			
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally {
			try {
				JdbcUtils.close(conn, ps, rs);
			} catch (SQLException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		return id;
		
		
	}

}

登录写完了，下面写注册功能（在login.jsp中是通过超链接到注册界面的，MVC中，jsp不能直接到jsp，要通过一个Servlet）

9.帮助跳转的Servlet，ToRegisterServlet.java

package com.zl.servlets;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;


public class ToRegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {

	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		
		response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/register.jsp");
	}

}

10.写一个注册界面register.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>注册</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/registerServlet" method="post">
	    学号：<input type="text" name="num"><br>
	    密码：<input type="password" name="password"><br>
	    姓名：<input type="text" name="name"><br>
	    年龄：<input type="text" name="age"><br>
	    成绩：<input type="text" name="score"><br>
	    
	    <input type="submit" value="注册">
	</form>
</body>
</html>

11.Servlet帮助提交注册的数据，RegisterServlet.java

package com.zl.servlets;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import com.zl.beans.Student;
import com.zl.service.IStudentService;
import com.zl.service.StudentServiceImpl;


public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		//1.获取表单参数
		String num = request.getParameter("num");
		String password = request.getParameter("password");
		String name = request.getParameter("name");
		String ageStr = request.getParameter("age");
		String scoreStr = request.getParameter("score");
		
		Integer age = Integer.valueOf(ageStr);
		Double score = Double.valueOf(scoreStr);
		
		//2.创建Student对象
		Student student = new Student(num,password,name,age,score);
		student.setPassword(password);
		
		//3.创建Service对象
		IStudentService service = new StudentServiceImpl();
		
		
		//4.调用Service对象的saveStudent()方法将对象写入DB
		Integer id = service.saveStudent(student);

		//5.写入失败，则跳转到注册页面，重新注册
		if(id == null) {
			response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/register.jsp");
			return;
		}
		
		//6.写入成功,则跳转到登录页面
		response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/login.jsp");
	}

}

这样用Servlet和jsp基于三层架构和MVC的简单登录和注册功能就写完了！！！

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基于MVC和三层架构，用jsp-Servlet-JavaBean实现登录和注册

用eclipse写了一个学生管理系统sms项目，如下为目录结构：我们先回忆下MVC和三层架构，先上图：把MVC和三层架构分清楚之后就来开始我们的项目：由于要实现的功能比较简单，项目也很小，需求也很简单，我们可以从数据库自顶向下写。1.创建数据库表（MySQL中）。登陆的话就需要一张用户信息表，用户是学生，学生登录会用到学号（num）和密码（password），表中必须要有的就有学号和密码；...
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