Matlab
编程和其他语言的区别
一、字符和字符串
在
MATLAB
中不管是字符，还是字符串都是用单引号。而在
C
、
C++
、
C#
、
Java
等语言中，
字符是用单引号的，
字符串则必须用双引号。
因此在
MATLAB
中如果需要在字符串中用到单
引号的话，就要用两个单引号来代替。
如：
>> a='this''is an apple'
a =
this'is an apple
同理，如果字符串中需要双引号的话，可以用四个单引号来代替。如下：
>> b='I''''am Tim'
b =
I''am Tim
在
MATLAB
中的字符串连接，
我们可以使用一对中括号。
当然，
这种连接方式也适用于向量、
矩阵等的连接。如下：
>> c=[a b]
c =
this'is an appleI''am Tim
>> a1=[1 2];b1=[3 4];
>> c1=[a1 b1]
c1 =
1
2
3
4
>> c2=[a1;b1]
c2 =
1
2
3
4
但是，对于字符串的连接不能使用加号（
+
）来进行。这点和在
C++
、
C#
、
Java
等语言中是
不一样的。
因为在
MATLAB
中这些字符串也是以矩阵的形式存储的，
你要是用加号的话，
需
要两个矩阵的大小一致。比如：
>> a2='hello';b2='mustb';
>> a2+b2
ans =
213
218
223
224
209
但是，很明显，加完之后都是一系列的值了。本来，这些字符串也是以数值的形式存储的。
而我们要取的字符串中某一个字符的时候，
也是很方便的，
直接像引用矩阵的元素一样。
如
下：
>> a2(1)
ans =
h
>> a2(4)
ans =
l
>> find(a2>'i')
ans =
3
4
5
可以看到，
a2
里面在字母
i
后面的字符有第
3
、
4
、
5
个字符，也就是
llo
了。
在
MATLAB
中要将一个数字转换为字符可以用
num2str
，
将字符转换为数字可以用
str2num
。
如下：
>> stra1=num2str(a1)
stra1 =
1
2
>> class(stra1)
ans =
char
>> strb1='[3 4]';
>> str2num(strb1)
ans =
3
4
对于
strb1
，我们可以使用
eval
函数，该函数可以将字符串作为一个
MATLAB
命令去执行。
如下：
>> p=eval(strb1)
p =
3
4
相当于
p=[3 4]
。
当然了，
C
语言里面的
sprintf
、
fprintf
函数我们都是可以在
MATLAB
中使用的。比如：
>> sprintf('Tim is %d years old.',24)
ans =
Tim is 24 years old.
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