在没给大家讲解wpf mwm示例之前先给大家简单说下MVVM理论知识:
WPF技术的主要特点是数据驱动UI,所以在使用WPF技术开发的过程中是以数据为核心的,WPF提供了数据绑定机制,当数据发生变化时,WPF会自动发出通知去更新UI。
我们使用模式,一般是想达到高内聚低耦合。在WPF开发中,经典的编程模式是MVVM,是为WPF量身定做的模式,该模式充分利用了WPF的数据绑定机制,最大限度地降低了Xmal文件和CS文件的耦合度,也就是UI显示和逻辑代码的耦合度,如需要更换界面时,逻辑代码修改很少,甚至不用修改。与WinForm开发相比,我们一般在后置代码中会使用控件的名字来操作控件的属性来更新UI,而在WPF中通常是通过数据绑定来更新UI;在响应用户操作上,WinForm是通过控件的事件来处理,而WPF可以使用命令绑定的方式来处理,耦合度将降低。
首先MVVM设计模式的结构
Views: 由Window/Page/UserControl等构成,通过DataBinding与ViewModels建立关联;
ViewModels:由一组命令,可以绑定的属性,操作逻辑构成;因为View与ViewModel进行了解耦,我们可以对ViewModel进行Unit Test;
Models:可以是实体对象或者Web服务;
下面通过一个简单的例子,来介绍一些WPF MVVM模式。首先项目结构:
DelegateCommand.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using WpfApp13.Commands;
namespace WpfApp13.ViewModels
{
class MainWindowViewModel:NotificationObject
{
private double input1;
public double Input1
{
get { return input1; }
set
{
input1 = value;
this.RaisePropertyChange("Input1");
}
}
private double input2;
public double Input2
{
get { return input2; }
set
{
input2 = value;
this.RaisePropertyChange("Input2");
}
}
private double result;
public double Result
{
get { return result; }
set
{
result = value;
this.RaisePropertyChange("Result");
}
}
public DelegateCommand AddCommand { get; set; }
public void Add(object parameter)
{
this.Result = this.Input1 + this.Input2;
}
public MainWindowViewModel()
{
this.AddCommand = new DelegateCommand();
this.AddCommand.ExcuteAction = new Action<object>(this.Add);
}
}
}
MainWindowViewModel.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using WpfApp13.Commands;
namespace WpfApp13.ViewModels
{
class MainWindowViewModel:NotificationObject
{
private double input1;
public double Input1
{
get { return input1; }
set
{
input1 = value;
this.RaisePropertyChange("Input1");
}
}
private double input2;
public double Input2
{
get { return input2; }
set
{
input2 = value;
this.RaisePropertyChange("Input2");
}
}
private double result;
public double Result
{
get { return result; }
set
{
result = value;
this.RaisePropertyChange("Result");
}
}
public DelegateCommand AddCommand { get; set; }
public void Add(object parameter)
{
this.Result = this.Input1 + this.Input2;
}
public MainWindowViewModel()
{
this.AddCommand = new DelegateCommand();
this.AddCommand.ExcuteAction = new Action<object>(this.Add);
}
}
}
NotificationObject.CS
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace WpfApp13.ViewModels
{
class NotificationObject : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
public void RaisePropertyChange(string propertyName)
{
if(this.PropertyChanged!=null)
{
this.PropertyChanged.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
}
}
}
}
MainWindow.xaml.CS
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Navigation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
using WpfApp13.ViewModels;
namespace WpfApp13
{
/// <summary>
/// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑
/// </summary>
public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
public MainWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
this.DataContext = new MainWindowViewModel();
}
}
}
MainWindow.xaml
<Window x:Class="WpfApp13.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp13"
mc:Ignorable="d"
Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
<Grid>
<StackPanel>
<Slider Name="slider1" MinHeight="25" Value="{Binding Input1}"/>
<Slider Name="slider2" MinHeight="25" Value="{Binding Input2}"/>
<Slider Name="slider3" MinHeight="25" Value="{Binding Result}"/>
<Button Name="addButton" Content="ADD" FontSize="30" MinHeight="40" Command="{Binding AddCommand}"/>
</StackPanel>
</Grid>
</Window>
运行效果:
分别拖动滑块slider1和slider2,点击按钮后slider3就会自动变化
百度网盘源码下载地址:
链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1AvBncokY8SiW0fd9XqrPRw
提取码:ttpo