前言
DbContext类是EntityFramework (简称 EF)中的一个类,可以理解为一个数据库对象的实例。在 EF中,无需手动的拼接 SQL 语句对数据库进行增删改查,而是通过 DbContext 来进行相应操作。
叙述
DbContext类
DbContext类是实体框架的重要组成部分。它是您的域或实体类与数据库之间的桥梁。
DbContext是负责与数据交互作为对象的主要类。DbContext负责以下活动:
(1)EntitySet: DbContext包含映射到数据库表的所有实体的实体集(DbSet <TEntity>)。
(2)查询(Querying): DbContext将LINQ-to-Entities查询转换为SQL查询并将其发送到数据库。
(3)更改跟踪(Change Tracking):跟踪实体在从数据库查询后发生的更改。
(4)持久数据(Persisting Data):它还根据实体的状态对数据库执行插入,更新和删除操作。
(5)缓存(Caching): DbContext默认进行一级缓存。它存储在上下文类生命周期中已经被检索的实体。
(6)管理关系(Manage Relationship): DbContext还使用DB-First或Model-First方法使用CSDL,MSL和SSDL或者使用Code-First方法使用流利的API来管理关系。
(7)对象实现(Object Materialization): DbContext将原始表数据转换为实体对象。
以下是小编生成的excellentmcoinEntities类(派生DbContext的上下文类)的示例。
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// <auto-generated>
// 此代码是根据模板生成的。
//
// 手动更改此文件可能会导致应用程序中发生异常行为。
// 如果重新生成代码,则将覆盖对此文件的手动更改。
// </auto-generated>
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
namespace Model
{
using System;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure;
public partial class excellentmcoinEntities : DbContext
{
public excellentmcoinEntities()
: base("name=excellentmcoinEntities")
{
}
protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
throw new UnintentionalCodeFirstException();
}
public DbSet<t_accumulate> t_accumulate { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_addmcoinrecord> t_addmcoinrecord { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_announce> t_announce { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_attribute> t_attribute { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_attriuser> t_attriuser { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_character> t_character { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_controller> t_controller { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_dayget> t_dayget { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_department> t_department { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_departmentgrade> t_departmentgrade { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_departquestype> t_departquestype { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_grade> t_grade { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_healthytips> t_healthytips { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_mcoin> t_mcoin { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_mcoindb> t_mcoindb { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_mcoindetail> t_mcoindetail { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_pageset> t_pageset { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_quesfamily> t_quesfamily { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_quesfamilymemeber> t_quesfamilymemeber { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_question> t_question { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_questype> t_questype { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_stageconfluence> t_stageconfluence { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_states> t_states { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_suggesstion> t_suggesstion { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_type> t_type { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_user> t_user { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_attributerecord> t_attributerecord { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_notice> t_notice { get; set; }
}
}
excellentmcoinEntities : DbContext
{
public excellentmcoinEntities()
: base("name=excellentmcoinEntities")
{
}
protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
throw new UnintentionalCodeFirstException();
}
public DbSet<t_accumulate> t_accumulate { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_addmcoinrecord> t_addmcoinrecord { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_announce> t_announce { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_attribute> t_attribute { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_attriuser> t_attriuser { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_character> t_character { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_controller> t_controller { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_dayget> t_dayget { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_department> t_department { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_departmentgrade> t_departmentgrade { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_departquestype> t_departquestype { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_grade> t_grade { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_healthytips> t_healthytips { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_mcoin> t_mcoin { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_mcoindb> t_mcoindb { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_mcoindetail> t_mcoindetail { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_pageset> t_pageset { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_quesfamily> t_quesfamily { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_quesfamilymemeber> t_quesfamilymemeber { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_question> t_question { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_questype> t_questype { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_stageconfluence> t_stageconfluence { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_states> t_states { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_suggesstion> t_suggesstion { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_type> t_type { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_user> t_user { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_attributerecord> t_attributerecord { get; set; }
public DbSet<t_notice> t_notice { get; set; }
}
}
上下文类(excellentmcoinEntities)包含所有实体的DbSet <TEntity>类型的实体集。
DbContext具体使用
增
excellentmcoinEntities db = new excellentmcoinEntities();
//创建对象实体,注意,这里需要对所有属性进行赋值(除了自动增长主键外),如果不赋值,则会数据库中会被设置为NULL(注意是否可空)
var user = new User
{
Name = "bomo",
Age = 21,
Gender = "male"
};
db.User.Add(user);
db.SaveChanges();
删
public bool deleteUser(string UserID)
{
excellentmcoinEntities dbcontext = new excellentmcoinEntities();
try
{
string[] testUserID = UserID.Split(',');
for (int i = 0; i < testUserID.Length; i++)
{
t_user usermodel = dbcontext.t_user.Find(testUserID[i]);
dbcontext.t_user.Remove(usermodel);
int flag = dbcontext.SaveChanges();
if (flag > 0)
{
continue;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
catch (Exception)
{
throw new Exception("删除失败");
}
}
改
public bool EditUser(t_user usermodel)
{
excellentmcoinEntities dbcontext = new excellentmcoinEntities();
try
{
t_user user = dbcontext.t_user.Find(usermodel.userID);
if (user == null)
{
return false;
}
user.userName = usermodel.userName;
user.levelID = usermodel.levelID;
user.state = usermodel.state;
user.passWord = usermodel.passWord;
//修改多个字段值
dbcontext.Entry<t_user>(user).State = System.Data.EntityState.Modified;
dbcontext.SaveChanges();
return true;
}
catch (Exception)
{
throw new Exception("用户修改失败");
}
}
查
public List<userModel> QueryAUser()
{
//定义了上下文实体
excellentmcoinEntities dbcontext = new excellentmcoinEntities();
var allUser = (from u in dbcontext.t_user
join g in dbcontext.t_grade on u.gradeID equals g.gradeID
orderby u.totalMcoin descending
select new userModel()
{
userID = u.userID,
userName = u.userName,
userGrade = g.userGrade,
totalMcoin = u.totalMcoin,
gradeID = g.gradeID,
}).ToList();
return allUser;
}
小结
DbContext通常与包含模型的根实体的DbSet <TEntity>属性的派生类型一起使用。当派生类的实例被创建时,这些集合会自动初始化。