http工作原理实现

采用urllib模块实现


import random
import urllib.parse
import urllib.request
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

head_connection = ['Keep-Alive', 'close']
head_accept = ['text/html, application/xhtml+xml, */*']
head_accept_language = ['zh-CN,fr-FR;q=0.5', 'en-US,en;q=0.8,zh-Hans-CN;q=0.5,zh-Hans;q=0.3']
head_user_agent = ['Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko',
                   'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.95 Safari/537.36',
                   'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; rv:11.0) like Gecko)',
                   'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2) Gecko/2008070208 Firefox/3.0.1',
                   'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1) Gecko/20070309 Firefox/2.0.0.3',
                   'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1) Gecko/20070803 Firefox/1.5.0.12',
                   'Opera/9.27 (Windows NT 5.2; U; zh-cn)',
                   'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; PPC Mac OS X; U; en) Opera 8.0',
                   'Opera/8.0 (Macintosh; PPC Mac OS X; U; en)',
                   'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.12) Gecko/20080219 Firefox/2.0.0.12 Navigator/9.0.0.6',
                   'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/4.0)',
                   'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0)',
                   'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; InfoPath.2; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)',
                   'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Maxthon/4.0.6.2000 Chrome/26.0.1410.43 Safari/537.1 ',
                   'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; InfoPath.2; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; QQBrowser/7.3.9825.400)',
                   'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0 ',
                   'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.92 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER',
                   'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0; BIDUBrowser 2.x)',
                   'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/3.0 Safari/536.11']

header = {
    'Connection': head_connection[0],
    'Accept': head_accept[0],
    'Accept-Language': head_accept_language[1],
    'User-Agent': head_user_agent[random.randrange(0, len(head_user_agent))]
}
query_rl = "https://www.baidu.com"
req = urllib.request.Request(url=query_rl, headers=header)
webpage = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
html = webpage.read()
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')



采用requests模块实现


import random
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

head_connection = ['Keep-Alive', 'close']
head_accept = ['text/html, application/xhtml+xml, */*']
head_accept_language = ['zh-CN,fr-FR;q=0.5', 'en-US,en;q=0.8,zh-Hans-CN;q=0.5,zh-Hans;q=0.3']
head_user_agent = ['Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko',
                   'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.95 Safari/537.36',
                   'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; rv:11.0) like Gecko)',
                   'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2) Gecko/2008070208 Firefox/3.0.1',
                   'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1) Gecko/20070309 Firefox/2.0.0.3',
                   'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1) Gecko/20070803 Firefox/1.5.0.12',
                   'Opera/9.27 (Windows NT 5.2; U; zh-cn)',
                   'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; PPC Mac OS X; U; en) Opera 8.0',
                   'Opera/8.0 (Macintosh; PPC Mac OS X; U; en)',
                   'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.12) Gecko/20080219 Firefox/2.0.0.12 Navigator/9.0.0.6',
                   'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/4.0)',
                   'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0)',
                   'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; InfoPath.2; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)',
                   'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Maxthon/4.0.6.2000 Chrome/26.0.1410.43 Safari/537.1 ',
                   'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; InfoPath.2; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; QQBrowser/7.3.9825.400)',
                   'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0 ',
                   'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.92 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER',
                   'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0; BIDUBrowser 2.x)',
                   'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/3.0 Safari/536.11']

header = {
    'Connection': head_connection[0],
    'Accept': head_accept[0],
    'Accept-Language': head_accept_language[1],
    'User-Agent': head_user_agent[random.randrange(0, len(head_user_agent))]
}

query_rl = "https://www.baidu.com"
SESSION = requests.session()
r = SESSION.get(url=query_rl, headers=header)
soup = BeautifulSoup(r.text, 'html.parser')


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