ASM技术 diskgroup管理

ASM技术 diskgroup管理

1、删除disk

SQL> select group_number, name from v$asm_diskgroup;

GROUP_NUMBER         NAME
---------------------------- ------------------
          1                        ASM_DISKGROUP

SQL> select path, name from v$asm_disk where group_number=1;
PATH                          NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
/dev/raw/raw5                ASM_DISKGROUP_0004
/dev/raw/raw4                 ASM_DISKGROUP_0003
/dev/raw/raw3                 ASM_DISKGROUP_0002
/dev/raw/raw2                 ASM_DISKGROUP_0001
/dev/raw/raw1                 ASM_DISKGROUP_0000

SQL>alter diskgroup ASM_DISKGROUP drop disk asm_diskgroup_0004;
SQL>alter diskgroup ASM_DISKGROUP drop disk asm_diskgroup_0003;

2、创建新的diskgroup
SQL> select name, path, mode_status, state from v$asm_disk; 

NAME                          PATH                          MODE_ST STATE
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------- --------
                                                        /dev/raw/raw6                ONLINE  NORMAL
                                                       /dev/raw/raw5                 ONLINE  NORMAL
                                                          /dev/raw/raw4                 ONLINE  NORMAL
ASM_DISKGROUP_0002            /dev/raw/raw3                 ONLINE  NORMAL
ASM_DISKGROUP_0001            /dev/raw/raw2                 ONLINE  NORMAL
ASM_DISKGROUP_0000            /dev/raw/raw1                 ONLINE  NORMAL

SQL>create diskgroup dg1  external redundancy disk '/dev/raw/raw4';

SQL> select name, state, type, total_mb, free_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;

NAME                              STATE            TYPE      TOTAL_MB    FREE_MB
------------------------------ ----------- ------ ---------- ----------
ASM_DISKGROUP       MOUNTED     NORMAL     15072      14919
DG1                                 MOUNTED     EXTERN         5024       4974

SQL>drop diskgroup dg1;

SQL> create diskgroup dg1 normal redundancy
  2  failgroup f1 disk'/dev/raw/raw4'                        
  3  failgroup f2 disk '/dev/raw/raw5';

在创建diskgroup有三个选项：external,normal和high redunancy，具体在使用中，如果使用中高端存储设备，通常磁盘镜像在硬件级别就完成了，所以在创建diskgroup采用 external，normal则至少需要两个磁盘，high则是三个磁盘，通常用于低端存储设备。

3、添加disk到现有的diskgroup
SQL>alter diskgroup ASM_DISKGROUP add disk
          '/dev/raw/raw6' nameASM_DISKGROUP_0003;

删除failure group 下的所有disk
SQL>alter diskgroup dg1 drop disks in failgroup f2;
检查disk状态，f2下的磁盘处于hung状态
SQL> select group_number,disk_number,name,failgroup,state from v$asm_disk;

4、重新设置disk大小
alter diskgroup asm_diskgroup resize disk ASM_DISKGROUP_0001 size 800m;

5、将diskgroup进行dismount和mount

SQL> select name, state from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME                                        STATE
------------------------------------- ---------------
ASM_DISKGROUP                 MOUNTED
DG1                                           MOUNTED

SQL>alter diskgroup dg1 dismount;
SQL> alter diskgroup asm_diskgroup dismount;

SQL> select name, state from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME                                        STATE
------------------------------------- ---------------
ASM_DISKGROUP                 DISMOUNTED
DG1                                           DISMOUNTED

SQL> alter diskgroup dg1 mount;
SQL>alter diskgroup  asm_diskgroup mount;

SQL> select name, state from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME                                        STATE
------------------------------------- ---------------
ASM_DISKGROUP                 MOUNTED
DG1                                           MOUNTEDx`

6、冗余性考虑

        我们在创建diskgroup没有指定failure group, failure group 自动在自己盘重建。但我们要注意指定failure group 时，每个failure group中的盘数量和大小要一致，避免空间浪费。
        在ASM的diskgroup中，第一个被分配的file extents，作为primary extent，其他作为second extents，在10g中，缺省都是先读primary extents，但在11g，我们可以设置prefered read 特性，主要解决了RAC的两个节点中，节点1优先读取primaryextent，节点2优先读取second extents，提高I/O性能

7、disk partnership
     在normal和high redundancy diskgroup中，磁盘故障切换备用盘的信息可查询x$kfdpartner.

SQL> select name, disk_number
            from v$asm_disk
            whereGROUP_NUMBER=2
            order by 2;

NAME                                        DISK_NUMBER
----------------------------------- -------------------------
ASM_DISKGROUP_0000                      0
ASM_DISKGROUP_0001                      1
ASM_DISKGROUP_0002                      2

SQL> select disk, NUMBER_KFDPARTNER from x$kfdpartner;

      DISK       NUMBER_KFDPARTNER
----------------- -----------------------------------
        0                1
        0                2
        1                0
        1                2
        2                0
        2                1
可以看到磁盘1的parner是磁盘2和磁盘3.