Maven学习笔记第二节（pom文件）

为了更好的学习pom，可以在myeclipse下编辑pom文件。

准备工作

1、安装myeclipse的maven插件

2、在windows->preference->myeclipse->maven4myeclipse->Installations  默认为Embedded  

      为了使用自己安装maven 可以添加项External，并将路径指定到本地。

3、如果更改了本地的setting.xml文件，需要在......maven4myeclipse->user settings下 update Settings并Reindex,否则

      本地修改在myelipse里面不生效。

pom文件

超级pom：在lib下maven-model-builder-3.3.9.jar 下有一个pom文件，定义了默认的仓库，及工程

的默认目录等。

有效pom：超级pom与自己工程pom叠加后的pom，在myeclipse打开pom文件后，有一个窗口为Effective pom即为有效pom.

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>MavenGroup</groupId>
  <artifactId>MavenProject1</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>MavenProject1</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <!-- 指定下载jar包的位置  工程依赖的jar包-->
  <repositories>
   <!-- 默认的中央仓库 -->
    <repository>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
      <id>central</id>
      <name>Maven Repository Switchboard</name>
      <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url>
    </repository>
  </repositories>
  <!-- 工程运行时plugin的仓库-->
  <pluginRepositories>
    <pluginRepository>
      <releases>
        <updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy>
      </releases>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
      <id>central</id>
      <name>Maven Plugin Repository</name>
      <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url>
    </pluginRepository>
  </pluginRepositories>
  <!-- maven 构建的一个过程 -->
  <build>
     <!-- 指定资源的目录开始 -->
    <sourceDirectory>E:\workup\workspace\ThinkingInJava\MavenProject1\src\main\java</sourceDirectory>
    <scriptSourceDirectory>E:\workup\workspace\ThinkingInJava\MavenProject1\src\main\scripts</scriptSourceDirectory>
    <testSourceDirectory>E:\workup\workspace\ThinkingInJava\MavenProject1\src\test\java</testSourceDirectory>
    <outputDirectory>E:\workup\workspace\ThinkingInJava\MavenProject1\target\classes</outputDirectory>
    <testOutputDirectory>E:\workup\workspace\ThinkingInJava\MavenProject1\target\test-classes</testOutputDirectory>
    <resources>
      <resource>
        <directory>E:\workup\workspace\ThinkingInJava\MavenProject1\src\main\resources</directory>
      </resource>
    </resources>
    <testResources>
      <testResource>
        <directory>E:\workup\workspace\ThinkingInJava\MavenProject1\src\test\resources</directory>
      </testResource>
    </testResources>
    <directory>E:\workup\workspace\ThinkingInJava\MavenProject1\target</directory>
    <finalName>MavenProject1-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</finalName>
    <!-- 子工程需要用到的plugin的定义，子工程只需要引用artifactId -->
    <pluginManagement>
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>1.3</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.2-beta-5</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-release-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.0</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
    <!-- 当前工程运行时需要用到的plugin -->
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.1</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-clean</id>
            <!-- 执行的阶段 -->
            <phase>clean</phase>
            <!-- 执行的目标 -->	
            <goals>
              <goal>clean</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.1</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-install</id>
            <phase>install</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>install</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.3</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-resources</id>
            <phase>process-resources</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>resources</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
          <execution>
            <id>default-testResources</id>
            <phase>process-test-resources</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>testResources</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.1</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-test</id>
            <phase>test</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>test</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.2</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-testCompile</id>
            <phase>test-compile</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>testCompile</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
          <execution>
            <id>default-compile</id>
            <phase>compile</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>compile</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.1</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-jar</id>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>jar</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.5</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-deploy</id>
            <phase>deploy</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>deploy</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.1</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-site</id>
            <phase>site</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>site</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <outputDirectory>E:\workup\workspace\ThinkingInJava\MavenProject1\target\site</outputDirectory>
              <reportPlugins>
                <reportPlugin>
                  <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                  <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
                </reportPlugin>
              </reportPlugins>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
          <execution>
            <id>default-deploy</id>
            <phase>site-deploy</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>deploy</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <outputDirectory>E:\workup\workspace\ThinkingInJava\MavenProject1\target\site</outputDirectory>
              <reportPlugins>
                <reportPlugin>
                  <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                  <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
                </reportPlugin>
              </reportPlugins>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
        </executions>
        <configuration>
          <outputDirectory>E:\workup\workspace\ThinkingInJava\MavenProject1\target\site</outputDirectory>
          <reportPlugins>
            <reportPlugin>
              <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
              <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
            </reportPlugin>
          </reportPlugins>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
  <!-- 生成站点文件的地方 -->
  <reporting>
    <outputDirectory>E:\workup\workspace\ThinkingInJava\MavenProject1\target\site</outputDirectory>
  </reporting>
</project>

跳过测试

      可以在项目右键 run as configuration   执行时勾选skip test，或者使用plugin(具体用到时，在详细查) 

pom里面profile元素

    可以覆盖所有pom里面的元素，通常放到最后，一定有一个id. 在mvn install时通过profile的id来进行激活。

<profiles>
     <profile>
         <id>profileid</id> 
         <!-- 会覆盖pom文件中的该dependency元素 -->
         <dependencies>
             <groupId>junit</groupId>
		     <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
		     <version>3.8.1</version>
		     <!-- 设定该依赖包在什么范围下生效 -->
		     <scope>test</scope>
         </dependencies>
     </profile>
  </profiles>

pom元素的分类

    项目基本信息：

   项目构建：build reportind

   关系：dependenucies   dependencyManagement    <build> <pluginManagement></pluginManagement></build>

  构建环境：profile