王道机试指南-代码-P16日期问题

考点：

1. 平年是date.year%4==0&&date.year%100==0；否则是闰年
2. 平年二月是28天，闰年是29天

技巧：

1. 用结构体表示日期

struct Date
{
	int year;
	int month;
	int day;
	int count;
};

 函数一：

/*计算天数*/
int caldays(Date date)
{
	int result=date.day;
	int runnian_days[]={31,29,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};
	int pingnian_days[]={31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};
	if(date.year%4==0&&date.year%100==0)
	{
		for(int i=0;i<date.month-1;i++)
		{
			result+=runnian_days[i];
		}
	}
	else
	{
		for(int i=0;i<date.month-1;i++)
		{
			result+=pingnian_days[i];
		}
	}
	return result; 
}

函数二：

/*已知第几天，求日期*/
void caldate(Date &date)
{
	int runnian_days[]={0,31,29,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};
	int pingnian_days[]={0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};
	if(date.year%4==0&&date.year%100==0)
	{
		for(int i=0;i<12;i++)
		{
			if(date.count-runnian_days[i]<runnian_days[i+1])
			{
				date.month=i+1;
				date.day=date.count-runnian_days[i];
				break;
			}
		}
	 } 
}

例题：

方法是上面两个函数的结合体，首先通过给定的年月日计算出这一天是该年的第几天，然后将该天数加上给定的数值，最后对加上数值后的天数反向求解，得出月和日。

注意：有可能给定数值加上天数后超过了该年的天数，这时需要将年数更正为正确的年数后，才能继续按照之前的方式计算月和日。

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;

struct Date
{
	int year;
	int month;
	int day;
	int gap; 
};

int calgap(Date date)
{
	int rundays[] = {0,31,29,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31,30,31};
	int pingdays[] = {0,31,28,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31,30,31};
	int gap;
	if(date.year%4==0&&date.year%100==0)
	{
		gap=date.day;
		for(int i=0;i<date.month;i++)
		{
			gap+=rundays[i];
		}
	}
	else
	{
		gap=date.day;
		for(int i=0;i<date.month;i++)
		{
			gap+=pingdays[i];
		}
	}
	return gap;
}

Date caldate(Date date,int gap)
{
	Date rdate;
	int rundays[] = {31,29,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31,30,31};
	int pingdays[] = {31,28,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31,30,31};
	int year = date.year;
	rdate.year = date.year;
	if(date.year%4==0&&date.year%100==0)
	{
		int daylen=0;
		for(int i=0;i<12;i++)
		{
			if((gap-daylen)<rundays[i])
			{
				cout<<daylen<<endl;
				rdate.month=i+1;
				rdate.day=gap-daylen;
				break;
			}
			else
			{
				cout<<daylen<<endl;
				daylen+=rundays[i];
			}
		}
	}
	else
	{
		int daylen=0;
		for(int i=0;i<12;i++)
		{
			if((gap-daylen)<pingdays[i])
			{
				rdate.month=i+1;
				rdate.day=gap-daylen;
				break;
			}
			else
			{
				daylen+=pingdays[i];
			}
		}
	}
	return rdate;
}

bool judge_nextyear(Date &date,int &gap)
{//判断是否gap>该年天数
	if(date.year%4==0&&date.year%100==0)
	{
		if(gap>366) 
		{
                        //如果gap>366,纠正year，gap
			date.year=date.year+1;
			gap=gap-366;
			return true;	
		}
		else return false;
	}
	else
	{
		if(gap>365) 
		{
			date.year=date.year+1;
			gap=gap-366;
			return true;
		}
		else return false;
	}
}

int main()
{
	int m;
	cin>>m;
	int gaps[m];
	vector<Date> dates;
	
	for(int i=0;i<m;i++)
	{
		Date date;
		cin>>date.year>>date.month>>date.day>>gaps[i];
		dates.push_back(date);
		date.gap = calgap(date);
		cout<<"这是当年的第"<<date.gap<<"天"<<endl;
		int gap = date.gap+gaps[i];
		cout<<"要求的是第"<<gap<<"天"<<endl;
		while(judge_nextyear(date,gap))
		{
			cout<<"需要下一年。"<<endl; 
			if((date.year+1)%4==0&&(date.year+1)%100==0)
			{
				cout<<"下一年是闰年。"<<endl;
				if(gap-366>366) 
				{
                                        //需要进入下下一年
					date.year=date.year+1;
					gap=gap-366;
				}
				else break;
			}
			else
			{
				cout<<"下一年是平年。"<<endl;
				if(gap-365>365) 
				{
					date.year=date.year+1;
					gap=gap-365;
				}
				else break;
			}
		}
		cout<<date.year<<gap<<endl;
		Date rdate=caldate(date,gap); 
		cout<<rdate.year<<" "<<rdate.month<<" "<<rdate.day<<endl;
	}
	
	return 0;
 }