9.抓取新闻评论数
import requests
import re
import json
#设置评论URL
commentURL = 'http://comment5.news.sina.com.cn/page/info?version=1&format=js&channel=gn&newsid=comos-fynfvar5623201&group=&compress=0&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&page=1&page_size=20'
def getCommentCount(newsURL):
m = re.search('doc-i(.*).shtml',newsURL)
newsID = m.group(1)#提取新闻表示号
comments = requests.get(commentURL.format(newsID))#将newsID填进commentURL的{}中去
jd = json.loads(comments.text.strip('var data='))
print(jd['result']['count']['total'])
news = 'http://news.sina.com.cn/c/zs/2017-11-01/doc-ifynfvar5623201.shtml'
getCommentCount(news)
运行结果:
10.获取新闻标识符
有两种方法,如代码所示:
import requests
# from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
# res = requests.get('http://news.sina.com.cn/china/')
# res = requests.get('http://news.sina.com.cn/c/zs/2017-11-01/doc-ifynfvar5623201.shtml')
# res = requests.get('http://comment5.news.sina.com.cn/page/info?version=1&format=js&\
# channel=gn&newsid=comos-fynfvar5623201&group=&compress=0&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&page=1&\
# page_size=20')
# res.encoding = 'utf-8'
# print(res.text)
# soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')
# print(soup.text)
# import json
# jd = json.loads(res.text.strip('var data='))#剔除多余字符串,并将数据加载至变量jd中
# print(jd['result']['count']['total'])
# jd['result']['count']['total']
# soup.select('#commentCount1')
#方法1,使用字符串切片方法获取
news = 'http://news.sina.com.cn/c/zs/2017-11-01/doc-ifynfvar5623201.shtml'
news_id = news.split('/')[-1].rstrip('.shtml').lstrip('doc-i')#将地址以/分片获取最后一个分片,移除.shtml后缀,剔除doc-i前缀,最终获取到新闻标识号
print(news_id)
#方法2,使用正则表达式方法获取新闻表示号
import re
m = re.search('doc-i(.*).shtml',news)#doc-i(.*).shtml匹配以doc-i为前缀,以.shtml为后缀的字符串
print(m.group(0))#m.group(0)为搜寻的满足匹配模式的字符串
print(m.group(1))#m.group(1)可获取到匹配模式()中的内容
运行结果:
建立评论数抽取函数
import requests
import re
import json
#设置评论URL
commentURL = 'http://comment5.news.sina.com.cn/page/info?version=1&format=js&channel=gn&newsid=comos-fynfvar5623201&group=&compress=0&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&page=1&page_size=20'
def getCommentCount(newsURL):
m = re.search('doc-i(.*).shtml',newsURL)
newsID = m.group(1)#提取新闻表示号
comments = requests.get(commentURL.format(newsID))#将newsID填进commentURL的{}中去
jd = json.loads(comments.text.strip('var data='))
print(jd['result']['count']['total'])
news = 'http://news.sina.com.cn/c/zs/2017-11-01/doc-ifynfvar5623201.shtml'
getCommentCount(news)
运行结果:
完成内文信息抽取函数
#将新闻相关信息封装为字典回传
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
import json
from datetime import datetime
#新闻评论链接
commentURL = 'http://comment5.news.sina.com.cn/page/info?version=1&format=js&channel=gn&newsid=comos-fynfvar5623201&group=&compress=0&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&page=1&page_size=20'
#新闻地址
newsURL = 'http://news.sina.com.cn/c/zs/2017-11-01/doc-ifynfvar5623201.shtml'
#获取新闻评论数
def getCommentCount(newsURL):
m = re.search('doc-i(.*).shtml',newsURL)
newsID = m.group(1)#提取新闻表示号
comments = requests.get(commentURL.format(newsID))#将newsID填进commentURL的{}中去
jd = json.loads(comments.text.strip('var data='))
return jd['result']['count']['total']
#获取新闻详细内容
def getNewsDetail(newsURL):
result = {}#将数据封装在字典中返回
res = requests.get(newsURL)#获取响应内容
res.encoding = 'utf-8'
soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')#将数据封装为DOM结构
result['title'] = soup.select('#artibodyTitle')[0].text#获取文章标题
result['newsSource'] = soup.select('.time-source span a')[0].text#获取新闻来源
timeSource = soup.select('.time-source')[0].contents[0].strip()#获取新闻时间字符串
result['dt'] = datetime.strptime(timeSource,'%Y年%m月%d日%H:%M')#将字符串转换为时间格式
result['article'] = ' '.join([p.text.strip() for p in soup.select("#artibody p")[:-1]])#获取文章内容
result['editor'] = soup.select('.article-editor')[0].text.strip("责任编辑:")#获取文章责任编辑
result['comments'] = getCommentCount(newsURL)#调用函数获取文章评论数
return result
getNewsDetail(newsURL)
运行结果:
查找分页链接
import requests
import json
res = requests.get('http://api.roll.news.sina.com.cn/zt_list?channel=news&cat_1=gnxw&cat_2==gdxw1||=gatxw||=zs-pl||=mtjj&level==1||=2&show_ext=1&show_all=1&show_num=22&tag=1&format=json&page=4&callback=newsloadercallback&_=1509521588694')
jd = json.loads(res.text.lstrip(' newsloadercallback(').rstrip(');'))
for ent in jd['result']['data']:
print(ent['url'])
运行结果:
建立分析清单链接函数
def parseListLinks(url):
newsdetails = []
res = requests.get(url)
jd = json.loads(res.text.lstrip(' newsloadercallback(').rstrip(');'))
for ent in jd['result']['data']:
newsdetails.append(getNewsDetail(ent['url']))
return newsdetails
url = 'http://api.roll.news.sina.com.cn/zt_list?channel=news&cat_1=gnxw&cat_2==gdxw1||=gatxw||=zs-pl||=mtjj&level==1||=2&show_ext=1&show_all=1&show_num=22&tag=1&format=json&page=4&callback=newsloadercallback&_=1509521588694'
print(parseListLinks(url))
运行结果:
使用for循环产生多页链接
url = 'http://api.roll.news.sina.com.cn/zt_list?channel=news&cat_1=gnxw&cat_2==gdxw1||=gatxw||=zs-pl||=mtjj&level==1||=2&show_ext=1&show_all=1&show_num=22&tag=1&format=json&page={}&callback=newsloadercallback&_=1509521588694'
for i in range(1,10):
print(url.format(i))
运行结果:
批次抓取每页新闻信息
url = 'http://api.roll.news.sina.com.cn/zt_list?channel=news&cat_1=gnxw&cat_2==gdxw1||=gatxw||=zs-pl||=mtjj&level==1||=2&show_ext=1&show_all=1&show_num=22&tag=1&format=json&page={}&callback=newsloadercallback&_=1509521588694'
news_total = []
for i in range(1,3):
newsurl = url.format(i)
newsary = parseListLinks(newsurl)
news_total.extend(newsary)
length = len(news_total)
print(length)
运行结果(打印出文章数):
备注:
注意python中append和extend的区别:
list.append(object) 向列表中添加一个对象object
list.extend(sequence) 把一个序列seq的内容添加到列表中
使用append的时候,是将new_media看作一个对象,整体打包添加到music_media对象中。
使用extend的时候,是将new_media看作一个序列,将这个序列和music_media序列合并,并放在其后面。