springmvc的执行流程:1、用户发送请求到dispatcherServlet,2、dispatcherServlet收到请求调用HandlerMapping映射器。3、适配相应的处理器以及拦截器,4、dispatcherServlet调用相应的HandlerAdapter适配器。5、HandlerAdapter调用具体的Controller。6、Controller返回ModelAndView。7、HandlerAdapter将ModelAndView返回给dispatcherServlet。8、dispatcherServlet将ModelAndView传给ViewResloever试图解析器解析,渲染,最后响应请求。
第一个springmvc程序:HelloWord。
1、首先到官网下载其需要的jar包。
2、创建工程,将需要的jar包复制到lib文件夹下。除了以上下载的包,还需导入一个commons-logging-1.2.jar包,不然启动工程的时候报缺少此包(我个人遇到这个问题)
3、配置web.xml
<servlet>
<servlet-name>firstdemo</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>firstdemo</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
配置前端控制器,:配置启动服务时加载的配置文件名,springmvc的配置文件为-servlet.xml为后缀。默认情况下是加载web-info目录下dispatcher-servlet.xml文件。
4、创建springmvc的配置文件,名为firstdemo-servlet.xml
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
">
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
InternalResourceViewResolver是配置前缀跟后缀,以以上的配置方式。例如:当视图名为hello时,最终返回的jsp视图地址为:/WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp。
5、创建控制器,实现Controller接口并实现其方法。
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
public class HelloWordController implements Controller{
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest arg0,
HttpServletResponse arg1) throws Exception {
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
mv.addObject("message", "HelloWord");//存值
mv.setViewName("helloword");//设置视图名
return mv;//返回视图
}
}
6、在springmvc配置文件中加入自己的控制器。
<bean name="/hello" class="com.springmvc.helloword.HelloWordController"/>
7、编写jsp页面,名为helloword.jsp。$(message)用于接收服务器传回的信息
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'helloword.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
${message }
</body>
</html>