Java HahsMap源码阅读

HashMap的底层是哈希数组，数组元素为Entry。HashMap通过key的hashCode来计算hash值，当hashCode相同时，通过“拉链法”解决冲突,jdk1.8新增红黑树来处理当链表过长的问题


定义的主要属性：
transient Node<K,V>[] table; // 哈希数组
transient Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet; // entry缓存Set
transient int size; // 元素个数
transient int modCount; // 修改次数
int threshold; // 阈值，等于加载因子*容量，当实际大小超过阈值则进行扩容
final float loadFactor; // 加载因子，默认值为0.75


构造方法：
/**
 * 根据初始化容量和加载因子构建一个空的HashMap.
 */
public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
if (initialCapacity < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " +
   initialCapacity);
if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " +
   loadFactor);
this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
this.threshold = tableSizeFor(initialCapacity);
}


/**
 * 使用初始化容量和默认加载因子(0.75).
 */
public HashMap(int initialCapacity) {
this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
}


/**
 * 使用默认初始化大小(16)和默认加载因子(0.75).
 */
public HashMap() {
this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR; // all other fields defaulted
}


/**
 * 用已有的Map构造一个新的HashMap.
 */
public HashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR;
putMapEntries(m, false);
}


hash计算方法：
static final int hash(Object key) {
int h;
return (key == null) ? 0 : (h = key.hashCode()) ^ (h >>> 16);  //异或运算规则：0^0=0；  0^1=1；  1^0=1；   1^1=0；
}
map存储：
public V put(K key, V value) {
return putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, true);
}


final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent,
   boolean evict) {
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i;
if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0) // table为空或length为0
n = (tab = resize()).length; // 初始化
if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null) // 如果hash所在位置为null，直接put
tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
else { // tab[i]有元素，遍历节点后添加
Node<K,V> e; K k;
// 如果hash、key都相等，直接覆盖
if (p.hash == hash &&
((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
e = p;
else if (p instanceof TreeNode) // 红黑树添加节点
e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value);
else { // 链表
for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) {
if ((e = p.next) == null) { // 找到链表最后一个节点，插入新节点
p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
// 链表节点大于阈值8，调用treeifyBin方法，当tab.length大于64将链表改为红黑树
// 如果tab.length < 64或tab为null，则调用resize方法重构链表.
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st
treeifyBin(tab, hash);
break;
}
// hash、key都相等，此时节点即要更新节点
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
break;
p = e;
}
}
// 当前节点e = p.next不为null，表示链表中原本存在相同的key，则返回oldValue
if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key
V oldValue = e.value;
// onlyIfAbsent值为false，参数主要决定存在相同key时是否执行替换
if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null)
e.value = value;
afterNodeAccess(e);
return oldValue;
}
}
++modCount;
if (++size > threshold) // 检查是否超过阈值
resize();
afterNodeInsertion(evict);
return null; // 原HashMap中不存在相同的key，插入键值对后返回null
}


//扩容方法
final Node<K,V>[] resize() {
Node<K,V>[] oldTab = table;
int oldCap = (oldTab == null) ? 0 : oldTab.length;
int oldThr = threshold;
int newCap, newThr = 0;
if (oldCap > 0) {
if (oldCap >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
return oldTab;
}
else if ((newCap = oldCap << 1) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY &&
oldCap >= DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY)
newThr = oldThr << 1; // double threshold
}
else if (oldThr > 0) // initial capacity was placed in threshold
newCap = oldThr;
else {               // zero initial threshold signifies using defaults
newCap = DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY;
newThr = (int)(DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR * DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY);
}
if (newThr == 0) {
float ft = (float)newCap * loadFactor;
newThr = (newCap < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY ?
  (int)ft : Integer.MAX_VALUE);
}
threshold = newThr;
@SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"})
Node<K,V>[] newTab = (Node<K,V>[])new Node[newCap];
table = newTab;
if (oldTab != null) {
for (int j = 0; j < oldCap; ++j) {
Node<K,V> e;
if ((e = oldTab[j]) != null) {
oldTab[j] = null;
if (e.next == null)
newTab[e.hash & (newCap - 1)] = e;
else if (e instanceof TreeNode)
((TreeNode<K,V>)e).split(this, newTab, j, oldCap);
else { // preserve order
Node<K,V> loHead = null, loTail = null;
Node<K,V> hiHead = null, hiTail = null;
Node<K,V> next;
do {
next = e.next;
if ((e.hash & oldCap) == 0) {
if (loTail == null)
loHead = e;
else
loTail.next = e;
loTail = e;
}
else {
if (hiTail == null)
hiHead = e;
else
hiTail.next = e;
hiTail = e;
}
} while ((e = next) != null);
if (loTail != null) {
loTail.next = null;
newTab[j] = loHead;
}
if (hiTail != null) {
hiTail.next = null;
newTab[j + oldCap] = hiHead;
}
}
}
}
}
return newTab;
}




map查找：
public V get(Object key) {
Node<K,V> e;
return (e = getNode(hash(key), key)) == null ? null : e.value;
}




final Node<K,V> getNode(int hash, Object key) {
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first, e; int n; K k;
if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
(first = tab[(n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
if (first.hash == hash && // always check first node
((k = first.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
return first;
if ((e = first.next) != null) {
if (first instanceof TreeNode) // 红黑树
return ((TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);
// 链表
do {
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
return e;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
}
}
return null;
}


// 遍历红黑树搜索节点
final TreeNode<K,V> getTreeNode(int h, Object k) {
return ((parent != null) ? root() : this).find(h, k, null);
}


final TreeNode<K,V> root() {
for (TreeNode<K,V> r = this, p;;) {
if ((p = r.parent) == null)
return r;
r = p;
}
}




final TreeNode<K,V> find(int h, Object k, Class<?> kc) {
TreeNode<K,V> p = this;
do {
int ph, dir; K pk;
TreeNode<K,V> pl = p.left, pr = p.right, q;
if ((ph = p.hash) > h) // 当前节点hash大
p = pl; // 查左子树
else if (ph < h) // 当前节点hash小
p = pr; // 查右子树
else if ((pk = p.key) == k || (k != null && k.equals(pk)))
return p; // hash、key都相等，即找到，返回当前节点
else if (pl == null) // hash相等，key不等，左子树为null，查右子树
p = pr;
else if (pr == null)
p = pl;
else if ((kc != null ||
  (kc = comparableClassFor(k)) != null) &&
(dir = compareComparables(kc, k, pk)) != 0)
p = (dir < 0) ? pl : pr;
else if ((q = pr.find(h, k, kc)) != null)
return q;
else
p = pl;
} while (p != null);
return null;
}




删除方法：
public V remove(Object key) {
Node<K,V> e;
return (e = removeNode(hash(key), key, null, false, true)) == null ?
null : e.value;
}


 
final Node<K,V> removeNode(int hash, Object key, Object value,
   boolean matchValue, boolean movable) {
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, index;
if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
(p = tab[index = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
Node<K,V> node = null, e; K k; V v;
// 直接命中
if (p.hash == hash &&
((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
node = p;
else if ((e = p.next) != null) {
if (p instanceof TreeNode) // 在红黑树中查找
node = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).getTreeNode(hash, key);
else { // 在链表中查找
do {
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key ||
(key != null && key.equals(k)))) {
node = e;
break;
}
p = e;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
}
}
// 命中后删除
if (node != null && (!matchValue || (v = node.value) == value ||
(value != null && value.equals(v)))) {
if (node instanceof TreeNode) // 在红黑树中删除节点
((TreeNode<K,V>)node).removeTreeNode(this, tab, movable);
else if (node == p) // 链表首节点删除
tab[index] = node.next;
else // 多节点链表删除
p.next = node.next;
++modCount;
--size;
afterNodeRemoval(node);
return node;
}
}
return null;
}