1、自动内存管理
如果使用的是oracle11g版本以上的数据库,那么推荐使用自动内存管理。比如数据库在白天会处理大量事务的OLTP,在晚上会跑大量的批处理任务。那么白天就需要更大的SGA来缓存数据,以减少I/O操作,晚上就需要为每个进程分配更大的PGA来处理临时排序等。使用了自动内存管理就可以自动在SGA和PGA之间动态调整。用法也非常简单,只需要设置一个参数就可以了:
memory_target :指定为数据库分配的目标内存。等于SGA加PGA之和。这里有另一个参数就不得不提一下:
memory_max_target :指定为数据库分配的内存最大不得超过这个值,以免引起操作系统的swap交换。
2、管理多个缓冲池
使用了自动内存管理之后,有时候想把段钉在内存当中,就可以设置参数:db_keep_cache_size
又有些时候,某些大对象,偶尔会查询一两次,又不想在查询这个对象的时候把把buffer_cache中大量缓存清走,就可以设置参数:db_recycle_cache_size
3、设定内存最小值
当你发现oracle的自动内存管理并不能及时自动调整。因为自动内存管理也是在发现了现象之后才作出相应的调整,有一定的延迟性,那么就可以设置参数:pga_aggregate_target、sga_target
让数据库最少也分配参数值那么多的内存给PGA或着SGA。还可以设置参数:sga_max_size 让自动内存管理调整SGA时,不会超过这个参数值。
4、监控内存调整操作
查看内存分配情况:
sys@ORCL> select * from v$memory_dynamic_components;
COMPONENT CURRENT_SIZE MIN_SIZE MAX_SIZE USER_SPECIFIED_SIZE OPER_COUNT LAST_OPER_TYP LAST_OPER LAST_OPER_TIME GRANULE_SIZE
------------------------- ------------ ---------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ------------- --------- ------------------- ------------
shared pool 306184192 306184192 306184192 0 0 STATIC 4194304
large pool 4194304 4194304 4194304 0 0 STATIC 4194304
java pool 4194304 4194304 4194304 0 0 STATIC 4194304
streams pool 8388608 8388608 8388608 0 0 STATIC 4194304
SGA Target 587202560 587202560 587202560 0 0 STATIC 4194304
DEFAULT buffer cache 255852544 255852544 255852544 0 0 INITIALIZING 4194304
KEEP buffer cache 0 0 0 0 0 STATIC 4194304
RECYCLE buffer cache 0 0 0 0 0 STATIC 4194304
DEFAULT 2K buffer cache 0 0 0 0 0 STATIC 4194304
DEFAULT 4K buffer cache 0 0 0 0 0 STATIC 4194304
DEFAULT 8K buffer cache 0 0 0 0 0 STATIC 4194304
DEFAULT 16K buffer cache 0 0 0 0 0 STATIC 4194304
DEFAULT 32K buffer cache 0 0 0 0 0 STATIC 4194304
Shared IO Pool 0 0 0 0 0 STATIC 4194304
PGA Target 486539264 486539264 486539264 0 0 STATIC 4194304
ASM Buffer Cache 0 0 0 0 0 STATIC 4194304
已选择16行。
查看内存分配是否合理:
sys@ORCL> select * from v$memory_target_advice;
MEMORY_SIZE MEMORY_SIZE_FACTOR ESTD_DB_TIME ESTD_DB_TIME_FACTOR VERSION
----------- ------------------ ------------ ------------------- ----------
512 .5 88 1 0
768 .75 88 1 0
1024 1 88 1 0
1280 1.25 88 1 0
1536 1.5 88 1 0
1792 1.75 88 1 0
2048 2 88 1 0
已选择7行。
查看内存调整状态:
sys@ORCL> select * from v$memory_resize_ops;
COMPONENT OPER_TYPE OPER_MODE PARAMETER INITIAL_SIZE TARGET_SIZE FINAL_SIZE STATUS START_TIME END_TIME
------------------------- ------------- --------- ------------------------- ------------ ----------- ---------- --------- ------------------- -------------------
shared pool STATIC shared_pool_size 0 306184192 306184192 COMPLETE 2013-11-01 15:09:52 2013-11-01 15:09:52
PGA Target STATIC pga_aggregate_target 0 486539264 486539264 COMPLETE 2013-11-01 15:09:52 2013-11-01 15:09:52
java pool STATIC java_pool_size 0 4194304 4194304 COMPLETE 2013-11-01 15:09:52 2013-11-01 15:09:52
streams pool STATIC streams_pool_size 0 8388608 8388608 COMPLETE 2013-11-01 15:09:52 2013-11-01 15:09:52
SGA Target STATIC sga_target 0 587202560 587202560 COMPLETE 2013-11-01 15:09:52 2013-11-01 15:09:52
DEFAULT buffer cache INITIALIZING db_cache_size 255852544 255852544 255852544 COMPLETE 2013-11-01 15:09:52 2013-11-01 15:09:55
ASM Buffer Cache STATIC db_cache_size 0 0 0 COMPLETE 2013-11-01 15:09:52 2013-11-01 15:09:52
DEFAULT buffer cache STATIC db_cache_size 0 255852544 255852544 COMPLETE 2013-11-01 15:09:52 2013-11-01 15:09:52
DEFAULT 2K buffer cache STATIC db_2k_cache_size 0 0 0 COMPLETE 2013-11-01 15:09:52 2013-11-01 15:09:52
DEFAULT 4K buffer cache STATIC db_4k_cache_size 0 0 0 COMPLETE 2013-11-01 15:09:52 2013-11-01 15:09:52
DEFAULT 8K buffer cache STATIC db_8k_cache_size 0 0 0 COMPLETE 2013-11-01 15:09:52 2013-11-01 15:09:52
DEFAULT 16K buffer cache STATIC db_16k_cache_size 0 0 0 COMPLETE 2013-11-01 15:09:52 2013-11-01 15:09:52
DEFAULT 32K buffer cache STATIC db_32k_cache_size 0 0 0 COMPLETE 2013-11-01 15:09:52 2013-11-01 15:09:52
KEEP buffer cache STATIC db_keep_cache_size 0 0 0 COMPLETE 2013-11-01 15:09:52 2013-11-01 15:09:52
RECYCLE buffer cache STATIC db_recycle_cache_size 0 0 0 COMPLETE 2013-11-01 15:09:52 2013-11-01 15:09:52
large pool STATIC large_pool_size 0 4194304 4194304 COMPLETE 2013-11-01 15:09:52 2013-11-01 15:09:52
已选择16行。
查看PGA指标:
sys@ORCL> select * from v$pgastat;
NAME VALUE UNIT
------------------------------ ---------- ------------
aggregate PGA target parameter 486539264 bytes
aggregate PGA auto target 368345088 bytes
global memory bound 97307648 bytes
total PGA inuse 77356032 bytes
total PGA allocated 96108544 bytes
maximum PGA allocated 114157568 bytes
total freeable PGA memory 10878976 bytes
process count 31
max processes count 38
PGA memory freed back to OS 148307968 bytes
total PGA used for auto workar 0 bytes
eas
maximum PGA used for auto work 5700608 bytes
areas
total PGA used for manual work 0 bytes
areas
maximum PGA used for manual wo 0 bytes
rkareas
over allocation count 0
bytes processed 174565376 bytes
extra bytes read/written 0 bytes
cache hit percentage 100 percent
recompute count (total) 2970
已选择19行。