mongodb:面向文档的nosql
mongodb官网:http://www.mongodb.org/
10gen官网:http://www.mongodb.com/
面向文档的存储引擎,可以方便的支持非结构化数据
全面的索引支持,可以在任意属性上建立索引
数据库本身内置的复制与高可用
数据库本身支持的自动分片集群
丰富的基于文档的查询功能
原子化的数据操作
非结构化数据
不能确定表的列结构的数据
例子:调查表
集合
集合就是一组文档
文档类似于关系数据库里的行
集合类似于关系数据库里的表
集合是无模式的,即集合中的文档可以五花八门,无需固定结构
数据库是由多个集合组成
mongodb的安装:
# tar zxvf mongodb-linux-i686-2.0.9.tgz
--解压
# mv mongodb-linux-i686-2.0.9 mongodb --重命名
# cd mongodb
# mkdir data --data目录存放数据
# mkdir log --
log目录存放日志
# cd bin/ --
然后定位到mongodb/bin目录中
##
启动服务
[root@linux bin]# ./mongod --dbpath=/nosql/mongodb/mongodb/data/ --logpath=/nosql/mongodb/mongodb/log/mongodb.log
all output going to: /nosql/mongodb/mongodb/log/mongodb.log
[root@linux ~]# ps -ef | grep mongo
root 3936 3047 0 18:45 pts/0 00:00:00 ./mongod --dbpath=/nosql/mongodb/mongodb/data/ --logpath=/nosql/mongodb/mongodb/log/mongodb.log
root 3975 3946 0 18:46 pts/1 00:00:00 grep mongo
[root@linux ~]# pstree -p | grep mongo
|-sshd(2713)-+-sshd(3045)---bash(3047)---mongod(3936)-+-{mongod}(3937)
| | |-{mongod}(3938)
| | |-{mongod}(3939)
| | |-{mongod}(3940)
| | |-{mongod}(3941)
| | |-{mongod}(3942)
| | `-{mongod}(3943)
通过配置文件来启动Mongodb
[root@linux bin]# cat mongodb.conf
logpath=/nosql/mongodb/mongodb/log/mongodb.log
logappend=true #日志文件自动累加,而不是覆盖
dbpath=/nosql/mongodb/mongodb/data/
pidfilepath=/nosql/mongodb/mongodb/log/mongodb.pid
fork=true #加了fork,就会丢后台运行
[root@linux bin]# ./mongod -f /nosql/mongodb/mongodb/bin/mongodb.conf
[root@linux bin]# forked process: 4004
all output going to: /nosql/mongodb/mongodb/log/mongodb.log
[root@linux bin]# pstree -p | grep mongo
|-mongod(4004)-+-{mongod}(4005)
| |-{mongod}(4006)
| |-{mongod}(4007)
| |-{mongod}(4008)
| |-{mongod}(4009)
| |-{mongod}(4010)
| `-{mongod}(4011)
测试javascript:
[root@linux bin]# ./mongo
MongoDB shell version: 2.0.9
connecting to: test
> 40/5
8
> x=200
200
> db.foo.save({a:1});
> db.foo.find();
{ "_id" : ObjectId("52b815edda39a9573226cb88"), "a" : 1 } ##_id用于唯一标示文档,类似oracle里的rowid
> exit ##objectid是id的缺省产生办法
bye
[root@linux bin]#
常用命令 :
如果想查看当前连接在哪个数据库下面,可以直接输入db
查看用户列表db.system.users.find();
查看所有用户show users;
查看所有数据库show dbs;
查看所有集合show collections;
删除当前的数据库db.dropDatabase();
删除collection db.集合名.drop();
想知道mongodb执行哪些命令,可以直接输入help;
想知道当前数据库支持哪些方法db.help();
想知道当前集合支持哪些方法db.集合名.help();
MongoDb web 用户界面
在比MongoDB服务的端口多1000的端口上,你可以访问到MondoDB的web用户界面。
如:如果你的MongoDB运行端口使用默认的27017,你可以在端口号为28017访问web用户界面。
http://192.168.253.128:28017/
mongod -help
[root@linux bin]# ./mongod -help
Allowed options:
General options:
-h [ --help ] show this usage information
--version show version information
-f [ --config ] arg configuration file specifying additional options
-v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more
verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
--quiet quieter output
--port arg specify port number - 27017 by default
--bind_ip arg comma separated list of ip addresses to listen on
- all local ips by default
--maxConns arg max number of simultaneous connections - 20000 by
default
--logpath arg log file to send write to instead of stdout - has
to be a file, not directory
--logappend append to logpath instead of over-writing
--pidfilepath arg full path to pidfile (if not set, no pidfile is
created)
--keyFile arg private key for cluster authentication
--setParameter arg Set a configurable parameter
--nounixsocket disable listening on unix sockets
--unixSocketPrefix arg alternative directory for UNIX domain sockets
(defaults to /tmp)
--fork fork server process
--syslog log to system's syslog facility instead of file
or stdout
--auth run with security
--cpu periodically show cpu and iowait utilization
--dbpath arg directory for datafiles - defaults to /data/db/
--diaglog arg 0=off 1=W 2=R 3=both 7=W+some reads
--directoryperdb each database will be stored in a separate
directory
--ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)
--journal enable journaling
--journalCommitInterval arg how often to group/batch commit (ms)
--journalOptions arg journal diagnostic options
--jsonp allow JSONP access via http (has security
implications)
--noauth run without security
--nohttpinterface disable http interface
--nojournal disable journaling (journaling is on by default
for 64 bit)
--noprealloc disable data file preallocation - will often hurt
performance
--noscripting disable scripting engine
--notablescan do not allow table scans
--nssize arg (=16) .ns file size (in MB) for new databases
--profile arg 0=off 1=slow, 2=all
--quota limits each database to a certain number of files
(8 default)
--quotaFiles arg number of files allowed per db, requires --quota
--repair run repair on all dbs
--repairpath arg root directory for repair files - defaults to
dbpath
--rest turn on simple rest api
--shutdown kill a running server (for init scripts)
--slowms arg (=100) value of slow for profile and console log
--smallfiles use a smaller default file size
--syncdelay arg (=60) seconds between disk syncs (0=never, but not
recommended)
--sysinfo print some diagnostic system information
--upgrade upgrade db if needed
Replication options:
--oplogSize arg size to use (in MB) for replication op log. default is
5% of disk space (i.e. large is good)
Master/slave options (old; use replica sets instead):
--master master mode
--slave slave mode
--source arg when slave: specify master as <server:port>
--only arg when slave: specify a single database to replicate
--slavedelay arg specify delay (in seconds) to be used when applying
master ops to slave
--autoresync automatically resync if slave data is stale
Replica set options:
--replSet arg arg is <setname>[/<optionalseedhostlist>]
--replIndexPrefetch arg specify index prefetching behavior (if secondary)
[none|_id_only|all]
Sharding options:
--configsvr declare this is a config db of a cluster; default port
27019; default dir /data/configdb
--shardsvr declare this is a shard db of a cluster; default port
27018
mongo -help
[root@linux bin]# ./mongo -help
MongoDB shell version: 2.4.8
usage: ./mongo [options] [db address] [file names (ending in .js)]
db address can be:
foo foo database on local machine
192.169.0.5/foo foo database on 192.168.0.5 machine
192.169.0.5:9999/foo foo database on 192.168.0.5 machine on port 9999
options:
--shell run the shell after executing files
--nodb don't connect to mongod on startup - no
'db address' arg expected
--norc will not run the ".mongorc.js" file on
start up
--quiet be less chatty
--port arg port to connect to
--host arg server to connect to
--eval arg evaluate javascript
-u [ --username ] arg username for authentication
-p [ --password ] arg password for authentication
--authenticationDatabase arg user source (defaults to dbname)
--authenticationMechanism arg (=MONGODB-CR)
authentication mechanism
-h [ --help ] show this usage information
--version show version information
--verbose increase verbosity
--ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by
default)
file names: a list of files to run. files have to end in .js and will exit after unless --shell is specified