MySQL多实例就是在一台机器上开启多个不同的服务端口(如:3306,3307,3308),运行多个MySQL服务进程,通过不同的socket监听不同的服务端口来提供各自的服务。各个实例之间是相互独立的,每个实例的datadir, port, socket, pid都是不同的。
1、将所有的安装文件、配置文件、数据目录全部放存/mydata/data目录中,便于今后实现快速迁移、整体备份和快速复制;
2、在一台服务器上配置2个MySQL实例,分别绑定在3306、3307端口。
3、每一个实例单独一个my.cnf配置文件:
datadir: /mydata/data/3306
/mydata/data/3307
my.cnf: /mydata/data/3306/my.cnf
/mydata/data/3307/my.cnf
4、安装MySQL(通用二进制方式)
下面介绍开始安装:
1:添加用户和组
[root@CentOS mysql]# groupadd mysql
[root@CentOS mysql]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
2:安装mysql到/usr/local/mysql下
[root@CentOS ~]# cd /tmp
[root@CentOS tmp]# ll mysql-5.6.27-linux-glibc2.5-i686.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 304056226 11月 17 04:12 mysql-5.6.27-linux-glibc2.5-i686.tar.gz
[root@CentOS tmp]# tar zxf mysql-5.6.27-linux-glibc2.5-i686.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@CentOS tmp]# cd /usr/local/
[root@CentOS local]# mv mysql-5.6.27-linux-glibc2.5-i686/ mysql
[root@CentOS local]# chown -R mysql:mysql mysql/
3:创建MySQL多实例的数据目录
[root@CentOS local]# mkdir /mydata/data/{3306,3307}/data -p
[root@CentOS mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata
[root@CentOS data]# tree /mydata/data/
/mydata/data/
├── 3306
│ └── data
└── 3307
└── data
4 directories, 0 files
4:提供配置文件,并编辑
[root@CentOS data]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /mydata/data/3306/my.cnf
[root@CentOS data]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /mydata/data/3307/my.cnf
[root@CentOS data]# tree /mydata/data/
/mydata/data/
├── 3306
│ ├── data
│ └── my.cnf
└── 3307
├── data
└── my.cnf
4 directories, 2 files/mydata/data/3306/my.cnf
# 这里是实验环境,所以简单配置。请各位看官根据实际需求调整
[root@CentOS 3306]# vi /mydata/data/3306/my.cnf
[client]
password = 123456
port = 3306
socket = /mydata/data/3306/mysql_3306.sock
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /mydata/data/3306/mysql_3306.sock
pid-file = /mydata/data/3306/mysql.pid
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /mydata/data/3306
character_set_server=utf8
character_set_client=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
lower_case_table_names=1
max_connections=1000
[root@CentOS 3306]# vi /mydata/data/3307/my.cnf
[client]
password = 123456
port = 3307
socket = /mydata/data/3307/mysql_3307.sock
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
port = 3307
socket = /mydata/data/3307/mysql_3307.sock
pid-file = /mydata/data/3307/mysql.pid
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /mydata/data/3307
character_set_server=utf8
character_set_client=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
lower_case_table_names=1
max_connections=1000
5、修改数据目录的属主、属组
[root@CentOS /]# chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata/
6、添加环境变量
[root@CentOS bin]# vi /etc/profile
PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH
export PATH
[root@CentOS etc]# source /etc/profile
7、初始化
[root@CentOS /]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/mydata/data/3306 --user=mysql
[root@CentOS /]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/mydata/data/3307 --user=mysql
[root@CentOS /]# chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata/
8、启动/关闭 实例
[root@CentOS 3307]# netstat -tulpn | grep -i mysql
[root@CentOS 3307]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/mydata/data/3306/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
[1] 2026
[root@CentOS 3307]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/mydata/data/3307/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
[2] 2251
[root@CentOS 3307]# netstat -tulpn | grep -i mysql
tcp 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 2229/mysqld
tcp 0 0 :::3307 :::* LISTEN 2454/mysqld
# 关闭实例,这里mysql的root用户并没有设置密码,密码提示直接敲 Enter即可
[root@CentOS 3306]# mysqladmin -uroot -p -S /mydata/data/3306/mysql_3306.sock shutdown
Enter password:
[1]- Done mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/mydata/data/3306/my.cnf &>/dev/null (wd: /mydata/data/3307)
(wd now: /mydata/data/3306)
[root@CentOS 3306]# mysqladmin -uroot -p -S /mydata/data/3307/mysql_3307.sock shutdown
Enter password:
[2]+ Done mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/mydata/data/3307/my.cnf &>/dev/null (wd: /mydata/data/3307)
(wd now: /mydata/data/3306)
[root@CentOS 3306]# netstat -tulpn | grep -i mysql
9、测试连接登录实例
#我们需要指定通过哪一个套接字进行连接
#注意:这里mysql的root用户并没有设置密码,所以可以直接登录
[root@CentOS /]# mysql -uroot -p -S /mydata/data/3306/mysql_3306.sock
mysql> create database d3306;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| d3306 |
| data |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> exit;
[root@CentOS /]# mysql -uroot -p -S /mydata/data/3307/mysql_3307.sock
mysql> create database d3307;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| d3307 |
| data |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> system date
2015年 11月 19日 星期四 05:00:48 CST
参考:
http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-07/104508.htm