一、使用rownum为记录排名:
如果需要排名的话那么只需要简单地加上rownum不就行了吗?事实情况是否如此想象般简单,我们来实践一下。
1、测试环境
create table user_order(
EGION_ID NUMBER(2),
CUSTOMER_ID NUMBER(2),
CUSTOMER_SALES NUMBER
);
2、测试数据
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(5,1,151162);
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(10,29,903383);
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(6,7,971585);
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(10,28,986964);
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(9,21,1020541);
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(9,22,1036146);
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(8,16,1068467);
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(6,8,1141638);
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(5,3,1161286);
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(5,5,1169926);
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(8,19,1174421);
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(7,12,1182275);
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(7,11,1190421);
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(6,10,1196748);
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(6,9,1208959);
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(10,30,1216858);
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(5,2,1224992);
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(9,24,1224992);
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(9,23,1224992);
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(8,18,1253840);
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(7,15,1255591);
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(7,13,1310434);
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(10,27,1322747);
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(8,20,1413722);
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(6,6,1788836);
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(10,26,1808949);
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(5,4,1878275);
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(7,14,1929774);
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(8,17,1944281);
insert into user_order(REGION_ID,CUSTOMER_ID,CUSTOMER_SALES) values(9,25,2232703);
SQL> select * from user_order;
REGION_ID CUSTOMER_ID CUSTOMER_SALES
---------- ----------- --------------
5 1 151162
10 29 903383
6 7 971585
10 28 986964
9 21 1020541
9 22 1036146
8 16 1068467
6 8 1141638
5 3 1161286
5 5 1169926
8 19 1174421
REGION_ID CUSTOMER_ID CUSTOMER_SALES
---------- ----------- --------------
7 12 1182275
7 11 1190421
6 10 1196748
6 9 1208959
10 30 1216858
5 2 1224992 --注意这里有3条一样的数据。
9 24 1224992 --注意这里有3条一样的数据。
9 23 1224992 --注意这里有3条一样的数据。
8 18 1253840
7 15 1255591
7 13 1310434
REGION_ID CUSTOMER_ID CUSTOMER_SALES
---------- ----------- --------------
10 27 1322747
8 20 1413722
6 6 1788836
10 26 1808949
5 4 1878275
7 14 1929774
8 17 1944281
9 25 2232703
已选择30行。
注意这里有3条记录的订单总额是一样的。假如我们现在需要筛选排名前12位的客户,如果使用rownum会有什么样的后果呢?
SQL> select rownum, t.*
2 from (select * from user_order order by customer_sales desc) t
3 where rownum <= 12
4 order by customer_sales desc;
ROWNUM REGION_ID CUSTOMER_ID CUSTOMER_SALES
---------- ---------- ----------- --------------
1 9 25 2232703
2 8 17 1944281
3 7 14 1929774
4 5 4 1878275
5 10 26 1808949
6 6 6 1788836
7 8 20 1413722
8 10 27 1322747
9 7 13 1310434
10 7 15 1255591
11 8 18 1253840
ROWNUM REGION_ID CUSTOMER_ID CUSTOMER_SALES
---------- ---------- ----------- --------------
12 5 2 1224992 --!
已选择12行。
很明显假如只是简单地按rownum进行排序的话,我们漏掉了另外两条记录(参考上面的结果)。
二、使用分析函数来为记录排名:
针对上面的情况,Oracle从8i开始就提供了3个分析函数:rank,dense_rank,row_number来解决诸如此类的问题,下面我们来看看这3个分析函数的作用以及彼此之间的区别:
Rank,Dense_rank,Row_number函数为每条记录产生一个从1开始至N的自然数,N的值可能小于等于记录的总数。这3个函数的唯一区别在于当碰到相同数据时的排名策略。
①ROW_NUMBER:Row_number函数返回一个唯一的值,当碰到相同数据时,排名按照记录集中记录的顺序依次递增。
②DENSE_RANK:Dense_rank函数返回一个唯一的值,除非当碰到相同数据时,此时所有相同数据的排名都是一样的。
③RANK:Rank函数返回一个唯一的值,除非遇到相同的数据时,此时所有相同数据的排名是一样的,同时会在最后一条相同记录和下一条不同记录的排名之间空出排名。
这样的介绍有点难懂,我们还是通过实例来说明吧,下面的例子演示了3个不同函数在遇到相同数据时不同排名策略:
SQL> select region_id,
2 customer_id,
3 sum(customer_sales) total,
4 rank() over(order by sum(customer_sales) desc) rank,
5 dense_rank() over(order by sum(customer_sales) desc) dense_rank,
6 row_number() over(order by sum(customer_sales) desc) row_number
7 from user_order
8 group by region_id, customer_id;
REGION_ID CUSTOMER_ID TOTAL RANK DENSE_RANK ROW_NUMBER
---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
9 25 2232703 1 1 1
8 17 1944281 2 2 2
7 14 1929774 3 3 3
5 4 1878275 4 4 4
10 26 1808949 5 5 5
6 6 1788836 6 6 6
8 20 1413722 7 7 7
10 27 1322747 8 8 8
7 13 1310434 9 9 9
7 15 1255591 10 10 10
8 18 1253840 11 11 11
REGION_ID CUSTOMER_ID TOTAL RANK DENSE_RANK ROW_NUMBER
---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
9 23 1224992 12 12 12 --!
9 24 1224992 12 12 13 --!
5 2 1224992 12 12 14 --!
10 30 1216858 15 13 15 --!注意这里
6 9 1208959 16 14 16
6 10 1196748 17 15 17
7 11 1190421 18 16 18
7 12 1182275 19 17 19
8 19 1174421 20 18 20
5 5 1169926 21 19 21
5 3 1161286 22 20 22
REGION_ID CUSTOMER_ID TOTAL RANK DENSE_RANK ROW_NUMBER
---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
6 8 1141638 23 21 23
8 16 1068467 24 22 24
9 22 1036146 25 23 25
9 21 1020541 26 24 26
10 28 986964 27 25 27
6 7 971585 28 26 28
10 29 903383 29 27 29
5 1 151162 30 28 30
已选择30行。
请注意上面的!部分,这里生动的演示了3种不同的排名策略:
①对于第一条相同的记录,3种函数的排名都是一样的:12
②当出现第二条相同的记录时,Rank和Dense_rank依然给出同样的排名12;而row_number则顺延递增为13,依次类推至第三条相同的记录
③当排名进行到下一条不同的记录时,可以看到Rank函数在12和15之间空出了13,14的排名,因为这2个排名实际上已经被第二、三条相同的记录占了。而Dense_rank则顺序递增。row_number函数也是顺序递增
三、使用分析函数为记录进行分组排名:
上面的排名是按订单总额来进行排列的,现在跟进一步:假如是为各个地区的订单总额进行排名呢?这意味着又多了一次分组操作:对记录按地区分组然后进行排名。幸亏Oracle也提供了这样的支持,我们所要做的仅仅是在over函数中order by的前面增加一个分组子句:partition by region_id。
SQL> select region_id,
2 customer_id,
3 sum(customer_sales) total,
4 rank() over(partition by region_id order by sum(customer_sales) desc) rank,
5 dense_rank() over(partition by region_id order by sum(customer_sales) desc) dense_rank,
6 row_number() over(partition by region_id order by sum(customer_sales) desc) row_number
7 from user_order group by region_id, customer_id;
REGION_ID CUSTOMER_ID TOTAL RANK DENSE_RANK ROW_NUMBER
---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
5 4 1878275 1 1 1
5 2 1224992 2 2 2
5 5 1169926 3 3 3
5 3 1161286 4 4 4
5 1 151162 5 5 5
6 6 1788836 1 1 1
6 9 1208959 2 2 2
6 10 1196748 3 3 3
6 8 1141638 4 4 4
6 7 971585 5 5 5
7 14 1929774 1 1 1
REGION_ID CUSTOMER_ID TOTAL RANK DENSE_RANK ROW_NUMBER
---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7 13 1310434 2 2 2
7 15 1255591 3 3 3
7 11 1190421 4 4 4
7 12 1182275 5 5 5
8 17 1944281 1 1 1
8 20 1413722 2 2 2
8 18 1253840 3 3 3
8 19 1174421 4 4 4
8 16 1068467 5 5 5
9 25 2232703 1 1 1
9 24 1224992 2 2 2
REGION_ID CUSTOMER_ID TOTAL RANK DENSE_RANK ROW_NUMBER
---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
9 23 1224992 2 2 3
9 22 1036146 4 3 4
9 21 1020541 5 4 5
10 26 1808949 1 1 1
10 27 1322747 2 2 2
10 30 1216858 3 3 3
10 28 986964 4 4 4
10 29 903383 5 5 5
已选择30行。
现在我们看到的排名将是基于各个地区的,而非所有区域的了!Partition by 子句在排列函数中的作用是将一个结果集划分成几个部分,这样排列函数就能够应用于这各个子集。