Android Bound Service实现方法详解

Android中的service是运行在后台的组件，如果其他组件（比如Activity）需要与后台的service交互，有以下三个途径：

一，若参与交互的Service，Activity运行在一个进程中（可简单理解为同一个APP中）。

那么只需要在Service的onBind方法中返回一个你自己实现的Binder对象（这个Binder类是service的内部类），然后就可以通过这个Binder对象与service交互，比如说可以在Binder类中实现一个方法将Service对象引用直接返回，从而可以让Activity直接调用Service的public方法，实例关键代码如下：

Activity端代码：

import com.example.startservicetest.MainService.LocalBinder;

public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity implements OnClickListener{
	
	private Button btn_bind_in_same_service;
	
	private ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
		
		@Override
		public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			
		}
		
		@Override
		public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			LocalBinder binder = (LocalBinder)service;
			MainService mainService = binder.getService();
			String res = mainService.getString();
			Log.i("dazhou", "bind service result:"+res);
		}
	};
	
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		btn_bind_in_same_service = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_bind_service_in_same_app);
		btn_bind_in_same_service.setOnClickListener(this);
		}


	@Override
	public void onClick(View v) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		int id = v.getId();
		Intent intent;
		switch (id) {
		case R.id.btn_bind_service_in_same_app:
			Log.i("dazhou", "bind service in same app");
			intent = new Intent(this, MainService.class);
			bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
			break;
		default:
			break;
		}
	}
}

Service端代码：

public class MainService extends Service {
	
	private LocalBinder mBinder = new LocalBinder();

	@Override
	public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return mBinder;
	}

	@Override
	public void onCreate() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onCreate();
		Log.i("dazhou", "MainService onCreate");
	}

	@Override
	public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Log.i("dazhou", "MainService onStartCommand");
		return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
	}

	@Override
	public void onDestroy() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onDestroy();
	}
	
	public String getString(){
		return "dazhou";
	}
	
	public class LocalBinder extends Binder{
		public MainService getService(){
			return MainService.this;
		}
	}

}

二，若Service在进程之间被bind（可以理解为多APP之间）

可以使用Messenger类来实现，方法步骤：首先在Service中构造一个Handler类，用于处理客户端发来的各种消息；其次，在Service中以刚才创建的Handler类的对象为参数创建一个Messenger对象；最后，在Service的onBind方法中返回Messenger.getBinder()。与此同时，也可以在调用Service的Activity中创建Messenger，并将该Messeneger通过Message的replyTo域传给Service，这样就可在Service中向Activity返回消息。这是Google推荐的最简便的IPC方法，因为Messenger将所有的请求放入一堆队列，并使用单线程处理，这么以来开发者就不用考虑自己所实现Service的线程安全问题。实例关键代码如下：

Activity端代码：

public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity implements OnClickListener{

	private Button btn_bind_in_diff_service;
	
	private ServiceConnection remoteConn = new ServiceConnection() {
		
		@Override
		public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			
		}
		
		@Override
		public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			Messenger messenger = new Messenger(service);
			Message msg = Message.obtain(null, 1, 0, 0);
			msg.replyTo = mMessenger;
			try {
				messenger.send(msg);
			} catch (RemoteException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	};
	
	public class IncomingHandler extends Handler{
		@Override
		public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			super.handleMessage(msg);
			int what = msg.what;
			switch (what) {
			case 2:
				Log.v("dazhou", "service return value to activity");
				break;
			default:
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	
	private Messenger mMessenger = new Messenger(new IncomingHandler());
	
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

		btn_bind_in_diff_service = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_bind_service_in_diff_app);
		
		btn_bind_in_diff_service.setOnClickListener(this);
		}


	@Override
	public void onClick(View v) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		int id = v.getId();
		Intent intent;
		switch (id) {
		case R.id.btn_bind_service_in_diff_app:
			Log.i("dazhou", "bind service in diff app");
			intent = new Intent();
			intent.setAction("your action");
			//startService(intent);
			bindService(intent, remoteConn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
			break;
		default:
			break;
		}
	}
}

Service端代码：

public class RemoteService extends Service {
	
	public Messenger mMessenger = new Messenger(new IncomingHandler()); 

	@Override
	public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Log.i("dazhou", "remote service onBind");
		return mMessenger.getBinder();
	}

	@Override
	public void onCreate() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Log.i("dazhou", "remote service onCreate");
		super.onCreate();
	}

	@Override
	public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Log.i("dazhou", "remote service onStartCommand");
		return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
	}
	
	public class IncomingHandler extends Handler{
		@Override
		public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			super.handleMessage(msg);
			switch (msg.what) {
			case 1:
				Log.i("dazhou", "Remote service incominghandler handlemessage:"+msg.what);
				Messenger activityMessenger = msg.replyTo;
				if(activityMessenger!=null){
					try {
						Log.v("dazhou", "remote service has receive the activityMessenger:"+activityMessenger.hashCode());
						activityMessenger.send(Message.obtain(null, 2, 0, 0));
					} catch (RemoteException e) {
						// TODO Auto-generated catch block
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
				}
				break;

			default:
				break;
			}
		}
	}

}