Spring:依赖注入（DI）

概念

• 依赖注入（Dependency Injection,DI）。
• 依赖 : 指Bean对象的创建依赖于容器 . Bean对象的依赖资源 .
• 注入 : 指Bean对象所依赖的资源 , 由容器来设置和装配 .

构造器注入

测试pojo类 :

public class UserT {
 
    private String name;
 
    public UserT(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
 
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
 
    public void show(){
        System.out.println("name="+ name );
    }
 
}

1.根据index参数下标设置

<bean id="userT" class="com.kuang.pojo.UserT">
    <!-- index指构造方法 , 下标从0开始 -->
    <constructor-arg index="0" value="kuangshen2"/>
</bean>

2.根据参数名字设置

<bean id="userT" class="com.kuang.pojo.UserT">
    <!-- name指参数名 -->
    <constructor-arg name="name" value="kuangshen2"/>
</bean>

3.根据参数类型设置

<bean id="userT" class="com.kuang.pojo.UserT">
    <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="kuangshen2"/>
</bean>

测试类：

@Test
public void testT(){
    ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
    UserT user = (UserT) context.getBean("userT");
    user.show();
}

set注入

测试pojo类 :

Address.java

public class Address {
 
     private String address;
 
     public String getAddress() {
         return address;
     }
 
     public void setAddress(String address) {
         this.address = address;
     }
 }

Student.java

 package com.kuang.pojo;
 
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Properties;
 import java.util.Set;
 
 public class Student {
 
     private String name;
     private Address address;
     private String[] books;
     private List<String> hobbys;
     private Map<String,String> card;
     private Set<String> games;
     private String wife;
     private Properties info;
 
     public void setName(String name) {
         this.name = name;
     }
 
     public void setAddress(Address address) {
         this.address = address;
     }
 
     public void setBooks(String[] books) {
         this.books = books;
     }
 
     public void setHobbys(List<String> hobbys) {
         this.hobbys = hobbys;
     }
 
     public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
         this.card = card;
     }
 
     public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
         this.games = games;
     }
 
     public void setWife(String wife) {
         this.wife = wife;
     }
 
     public void setInfo(Properties info) {
         this.info = info;
     }
 
     public void show(){
         System.out.println("name="+ name
                 + ",address="+ address.getAddress()
                 + ",books="
         );
         for (String book:books){
             System.out.print("<<"+book+">>\t");
         }
         System.out.println("\n爱好:"+hobbys);
 
         System.out.println("card:"+card);
 
         System.out.println("games:"+games);
 
         System.out.println("wife:"+wife);
 
         System.out.println("info:"+info);
 
     }
 }

1、常量注入

<bean id="student" class="com.kuang.pojo.Student">
     <property name="name" value="小明"/>
 </bean>

2、Bean注入

ref:这里的值是一个引用

<bean id="student" class="com.kuang.pojo.Student">
     <property name="name" value="小明"/>
     <property name="address" ref="addr"/>
 </bean>

3、数组注入

 <bean id="student" class="com.kuang.pojo.Student">
     <property name="name" value="小明"/>
     <property name="address" ref="addr"/>
     <property name="books">
         <array>
             <value>西游记</value>
             <value>红楼梦</value>
             <value>水浒传</value>
         </array>
     </property>
 </bean>

4、List注入

 <property name="hobbys">
     <list>
         <value>听歌</value>
         <value>看电影</value>
         <value>爬山</value>
     </list>
 </property>

5、Map注入

<property name="card">
     <map>
         <entry key="中国邮政" value="456456456465456"/>
         <entry key="建设" value="1456682255511"/>
     </map>
 </property>

6、set注入

 <property name="games">
     <set>
         <value>LOL</value>
         <value>BOB</value>
         <value>COC</value>
     </set>
 </property>

7、Null注入

<property name="wife"><null/></property>

8、Properties注入

<property name="info">
     <props>
         <prop key="学号">20190604</prop>
         <prop key="性别">男</prop>
         <prop key="姓名">小明</prop>
     </props>
 </property>

User.java ：

 public class User {
     private String name;
     private int age;
 	 public User(String name,int age){
         this.name = name;
         this.age = age;
     }
     public void setName(String name) {
         this.name = name;
     }
 
     public void setAge(int age) {
         this.age = age;
     }
 
     @Override
     public String toString() {
         return "User{" +
                 "name='" + name + '\'' +
                 ", age=" + age +
                 '}';
     }
 }

9、P命名空间注入 : 需要在头文件中加入约束文件

导入约束 : xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
 
 <!--P(属性: properties)命名空间 , 属性依然要设置set方法-->
 <bean id="user" class="com.kuang.pojo.User" p:name="狂神" p:age="18"/>

10、c 命名空间注入 : 需要在头文件中加入约束文件(c 是构造器注入！)

导入约束 : xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
 <!--C(构造: Constructor)命名空间 , 属性依然要设置set方法-->
 <bean id="user" class="com.kuang.pojo.User" c:name="狂神" c:age="18"/>

测试代码：

@Test
 public void test(){
     ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
     User user = (User) context.getBean("user");
     System.out.println(user);
 }