Struts2体系结构图以及详解

 Strut2 的体系结构如图 所示:

一个请求在Struts2框架中的处理大概分为以下几个步骤:

1、客户端初始化一个指向Servlet容器(例如Tomcat)的请求;

2、这个请求经过一系列的过滤器(Filter)(这些过滤器中有一个叫做ActionContextCleanUp的可选过滤器,这个过滤器对于Struts2和其他框架的集成很有帮助,例如:SiteMesh Plugin);

3、接着FilterDispatcher被调用,FilterDispatcher询问ActionMapper来决定这个请求是否需要调用某个Action

4、如果ActionMapper决定需要调用某个ActionFilterDispatcher把请求的处理交给ActionProxy

5ActionProxy通过Configuration Manager询问框架的配置文件,找到需要调用的Action类;

6ActionProxy创建一个ActionInvocation的实例。

7ActionInvocation实例使用命名模式来调用,在调用Action的过程前后,涉及到相关拦截器(Intercepter)的调用。

8、一旦Action执行完毕,ActionInvocation负责根据struts.xml中的配置找到对应的返回结果。返回结果通常是(但不总是,也可能是另外的一个Action链)一个需要被表示的JSP或者FreeMarker的模版。在表示的过程中可以使用Struts2框架中继承的标签。在这个过程中需要涉及到ActionMapper



FilterDispatcher是控制器的核心,就是mvc中c控制层的核心。下面粗略的分析下我理解的FilterDispatcher工作流程和原理:FilterDispatcher进行初始化并启用核心doFilter

public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException ...{  
        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;  
        HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;  
        ServletContext servletContext = filterConfig.getServletContext();  
        // 在这里处理了HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse。   
        DispatcherUtils du = DispatcherUtils.getInstance();  
        du.prepare(request, response);//正如这个方法名字一样进行locale、encoding以及特殊request parameters设置   
        try ...{  
            request = du.wrapRequest(request, servletContext);//对request进行包装   
        } catch (IOException e) ...{  
            String message = "Could not wrap servlet request with MultipartRequestWrapper!";  
            LOG.error(message, e);  
            throw new ServletException(message, e);  
        }  
                ActionMapperIF mapper = ActionMapperFactory.getMapper();//得到action的mapper   
        ActionMapping mapping = mapper.getMapping(request);// 得到action 的 mapping   
        if (mapping == null) ...{  
            // there is no action in this request, should we look for a static resource?   
            String resourcePath = RequestUtils.getServletPath(request);  
            if ("".equals(resourcePath) && null != request.getPathInfo()) ...{  
                resourcePath = request.getPathInfo();  
            }  
            if ("true".equals(Configuration.get(WebWorkConstants.WEBWORK_SERVE_STATIC_CONTENT))   
                    && resourcePath.startsWith("/webwork")) ...{  
                String name = resourcePath.substring("/webwork".length());  
                findStaticResource(name, response);  
            } else ...{  
                // this is a normal request, let it pass through   
                chain.doFilter(request, response);  
            }  
            // WW did its job here   
            return;  
        }  
        Object o = null;  
        try ...{  
            //setupContainer(request);   
            o = beforeActionInvocation(request, servletContext);  
//整个框架最最核心的方法,下面分析   
            du.serviceAction(request, response, servletContext, mapping);  
        } finally ...{  
            afterActionInvocation(request, servletContext, o);  
            ActionContext.setContext(null);  
        }  
    }  
du.serviceAction(request, response, servletContext, mapping);  
//这个方法询问ActionMapper是否需要调用某个Action来处理这个(request)请求,如果ActionMapper决定需要调用某个Action,FilterDispatcher把请求的处理交给ActionProxy   
public void serviceAction(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, String namespace, String actionName, Map requestMap, Map parameterMap, Map sessionMap, Map applicationMap) ...{   
        HashMap extraContext = createContextMap(requestMap, parameterMap, sessionMap, applicationMap, request, response, getServletConfig());  //实例化Map请求 ,询问ActionMapper是否需要调用某个Action来处理这个(request)请求   
        extraContext.put(SERVLET_DISPATCHER, this);   
        OgnlValueStack stack = (OgnlValueStack) request.getAttribute(ServletActionContext.WEBWORK_VALUESTACK_KEY);   
        if (stack != null) ...{   
            extraContext.put(ActionContext.VALUE_STACK,new OgnlValueStack(stack));   
        }   
        try ...{   
            ActionProxy proxy = ActionProxyFactory.getFactory().createActionProxy(namespace, actionName, extraContext);   
//这里actionName是通过两道getActionName解析出来的, FilterDispatcher把请求的处理交给ActionProxy,下面是ServletDispatcher的 TODO:    
            request.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.WEBWORK_VALUESTACK_KEY, proxy.getInvocation().getStack());   
            proxy.execute();   
         //通过代理模式执行ActionProxy   
            if (stack != null)...{   
                request.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.WEBWORK_VALUESTACK_KEY,stack);   
            }   
        } catch (ConfigurationException e) ...{   
            log.error("Could not find action", e);   
            sendError(request, response, HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND, e);   
        } catch (Exception e) ...{   
            log.error("Could not execute action", e);   
            sendError(request, response, HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, e);   
        }   
}   
FilterDispatcher询问ActionMapper是否需要调用某个Action来处理这个(request)请求,如果ActionMapper决定需要调用某个Action,FilterDispatcher把请求的处理交给ActionProxy。  
ActionProxy通过Configuration Manager(struts.xml)询问框架的配置文件,找到需要调用的Action类.  
如上文的struts.xml配置  
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK"?>  
 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">  
 <struts>  
     <include file="struts-default.xml"/>  
     <package name="struts2" extends="struts-default">  
         <action name="add"   
             class="edisundong.AddAction" >  
             <result>add.jsp</result>  
         </action>      
     </package>  
 </struts>  
如果提交请求的是add.action,那么找到的Action类就是edisundong.AddAction。  
ActionProxy创建一个ActionInvocation的实例,同时ActionInvocation通过代理模式调用Action。但在调用之前ActionInvocation会根据配置加载Action相关的所有Interceptor。(Interceptor是struts2另一个核心级的概念)  
  
下面我们来看看ActionInvocation是如何工作的:  
  
ActionInvocation 是Xworks 中Action 调度的核心。而对Interceptor 的调度,也正是由ActionInvocation负责。ActionInvocation 是一个接口, 而DefaultActionInvocation 则是Webwork 对ActionInvocation的默认实现。  
  
Interceptor 的调度流程大致如下:  
1. ActionInvocation初始化时,根据配置,加载Action相关的所有Interceptor。  
2. 通过ActionInvocation.invoke方法调用Action实现时,执行Interceptor。  
  
Interceptor将很多功能从我们的Action中独立出来,大量减少了我们Action的代码,独立出来的行为具有很好的重用性。XWork、WebWork的许多功能都是有Interceptor实现,可以在配置文件中组装Action用到的Interceptor,它会按照你指定的顺序,在Action执行前后运行。  
那么什么是拦截器。  
拦截器就是AOP(Aspect-Oriented Programming)的一种实现。(AOP是指用于在某个方法或字段被访问之前,进行拦截然后在之前或之后加入某些操作。)  
拦截器的例子这里就不展开了。  
struts-default.xml文件摘取的内容:  
< interceptor name ="alias" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor" />   
< interceptor name ="autowiring" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.interceptor.ActionAutowiringInterceptor" />   
< interceptor name ="chain" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor" />   
< interceptor name ="conversionError" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.StrutsConversionErrorInterceptor" />   
< interceptor name ="createSession" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CreateSessionInterceptor" />   
< interceptor name ="debugging" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.debugging.DebuggingInterceptor" />   
< interceptor name ="external-ref" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExternalReferencesInterceptor" />   
< interceptor name ="execAndWait" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ExecuteAndWaitInterceptor" />   
< interceptor name ="exception" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor" />   
< interceptor name ="fileUpload" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor" />   
< interceptor name ="i18n" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor" />   
< interceptor name ="logger" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.LoggingInterceptor" />   
< interceptor name ="model-driven" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor" />   
< interceptor name ="scoped-model-driven" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor" />   
< interceptor name ="params" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor" />   
< interceptor name ="prepare" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor" />   
< interceptor name ="static-params" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor" />   
< interceptor name ="scope" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ScopeInterceptor" />   
< interceptor name ="servlet-config" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor" />   
< interceptor name ="sessionAutowiring" class ="org.apache.struts2.spring.interceptor.SessionContextAutowiringInterceptor" />   
< interceptor name ="timer" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.TimerInterceptor" />   
< interceptor name ="token" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenInterceptor" />   
< interceptor name ="token-session" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenSessionStoreInterceptor" />   
< interceptor name ="validation" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidationInterceptor" />   
< interceptor name ="workflow" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.DefaultWorkflowInterceptor" />   
< interceptor name ="store" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MessageStoreInterceptor" />   
< interceptor name ="checkbox" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptor" />   
< interceptor name ="profiling" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ProfilingActivationInterceptor" />   



一旦Action执行完毕,ActionInvocation负责根据struts.xml中的配置找到对应的返回结果。如上文中将结构返回“add.jsp”,但大部分时候都是返回另外一个action,那么流程又得走一遍………


 


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