第一行代码学习笔记:网络

使用HttpURLConnection

在6.0 以后HttpClient被完全移除。官方建议使用HttpURLConnection

步骤

1、获取得到HttpURLConnection实例，一般只需要new出一个URL对象，传入网络地址，调用openConnection()方法即可。

URL url = new URL("https:www.baidu.com");
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

2、设置HTTP请求的方法，常用的有GET和POST，GET:从服务器获取数据，POST：提交数据给服务器

connection.setRequestMethod("GET");

3、设置消息头等

connection.setConnectTimeout(8000);
connection.setReadTimeout(8000);

4、调用getInputStream()得到服务器返回的数据流，读取数据

InputStream in = connection.getInputStream();

5、关闭HTTP连接

connection.disconnect();

添加权限

 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutCompat xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    >

    <android.support.v7.widget.AppCompatButton
        android:id="@+id/send_request"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="send request"/>
    <ScrollView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">
        <android.support.v7.widget.AppCompatTextView
            android:id="@+id/response_text"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    </ScrollView>

</android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutCompat>

Mainactivity

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    AppCompatTextView responseText;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        responseText = findViewById(R.id.response_text);
        AppCompatButton sendRequest = findViewById(R.id.send_request);
        responseText = findViewById(R.id.response_text);
        sendRequest.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                sendRequestWithHttpURLConnection();
            }
        });
    }

    private void sendRequestWithHttpURLConnection() {
        //开启线程发起网络请求
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                HttpURLConnection connection = null;
                BufferedReader reader = null;
                try {
                    URL url = new URL("https:www.baidu.com");
                    connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
                    connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
                    connection.setConnectTimeout(8000);
                    connection.setReadTimeout(8000);
                    InputStream in = connection.getInputStream();
                    //对获取的输入流进行读取
                    reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
                    StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
                    String line;
                    while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                        response.append(line);
                    }
                    showResponxse(response.toString());
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    if (reader != null) {
                        try {
                            reader.close();
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                    if (connection != null) {
                        connection.disconnect();
                    }
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

    private void showResponxse(final String response) {
        runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                //在这里进行UI操作，将结果显示到界面上
                responseText.setText(response);
            }
        });

    }
}

运行结果

如果要向服务器提交数据，用POST方法，并在获取输入流之前把要提交的数据写出即可。

connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());
out.writeBytes("userName=admin&password=123456");

使用OkHttp

OkHttp项目地址

https://github.com/square/okhttp

添加依赖

implementation 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.10.0'

步骤

1、创建OkHttpClient实例

 OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

2、创建Request对象

 Request request = new Request.Builder()
                            .url(url)
                            .build();

3、创建Call对象，并调用它的execute()方法发送请求并获取服务器返回的数据。

 Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();

4、得到返回的具体内容

 String responseData = response.body().string();

如果是发起一条POST请求先构建RequestBody存放待提交的参数

RequestBody requestBody = new FormBody.Builder()
                            .add("username","admin")
                            .add("password","1213456")
                            .build();

在Request.Builder中调用post(),传入RequestBody对象。

Request request = new Request.Builder()
                            .url(url)
                            .post(requestBody)
                            .build();

调用execute()方法发送请求并获取服务器返回的数据

Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
                    String responseData = response.body().string();

POST的完整代码

private void sendRequestWithOkHttp(final String url) {
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
                    RequestBody requestBody = new FormBody.Builder()
                            .add("username","admin")
                            .add("password","1213456")
                            .build();
                    Request request = new Request.Builder()
                            .url(url)
                            .post(requestBody)
                            .build();
                    Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
                    String responseData = response.body().string();
                    showResponse(responseData);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

修改Mainactivity代码

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    AppCompatTextView responseText;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        responseText = findViewById(R.id.response_text);
        AppCompatButton sendRequest = findViewById(R.id.send_request);
        responseText = findViewById(R.id.response_text);
        sendRequest.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                sendRequestWithOkHttp("https://www.baidu.com");
            }
        });
    }

    private void sendRequestWithOkHttp(final String url) {
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
                    Request request = new Request.Builder()
                            .url(url)
                            .build();
                    Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
                    String responseData = response.body().string();
                    showResponse(responseData);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

    private void sendRequestWithHttpURLConnection(final String connectionUrl) {
        //开启线程发起网络请求
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                HttpURLConnection connection = null;
                BufferedReader reader = null;
                try {
                    URL url = new URL(connectionUrl);
                    connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
                    connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
                    connection.setConnectTimeout(8000);
                    connection.setReadTimeout(8000);
                    InputStream in = connection.getInputStream();
                    //对获取的输入流进行读取
                    reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
                    StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
                    String line;
                    while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                        response.append(line);
                    }
                    showResponse(response.toString());
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    if (reader != null) {
                        try {
                            reader.close();
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                    if (connection != null) {
                        connection.disconnect();
                    }
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

    private void showResponse(final String response) {
        runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                //在这里进行UI操作，将结果显示到界面上
                responseText.setText(response);
            }
        });

    }
}

运行结果