win10下ruby入门学习

学习背景：在使用logstash过程中，需要使用filter下的ruby插件

一、安装ruby

1. 下载ruby，下载链接：https://rubyinstaller.org/downloads/

2. 执行安装文件，安装ruby，安装目录修改为E盘，其他默认

3. 查看结果

ruby -v

二、交互式 Ruby（IRb）

1. 打开cmd命令窗口，依次执行如下命令

irb
def hello
out = "hello world"
puts out
end
nil
hello

 2. 查看命令显示的结果

三、入门学习

1. 第一个ruby脚本

1.1 first_ruby.rb脚本文件内容

#!/usr/bin/env ruby

# frozen_string_literal: true

puts 'Hello World!'

1.2 切换到脚本文件所在目录，执行脚本(此处用Cygwin终端演示)

cd F:/IdeaProjects/my-jooq/my-ruby
ruby first_ruby.rb

2. Here Document

2.1 multi_line_string.rb脚本文件内容

#!/usr/bin/ruby
# frozen_string_literal: true

print <<EF
    这是第一种方式创建here document 。
    多行字符串。
EF

print <<"EF"
    这是第二种方式创建here document 。
    多行字符串。
EF

# 执行命令
print <<'EC'
    echo hi there
    echo lo there
EC

# 进行堆叠
print <<"FOO", <<"BAR"
    I said foo.
FOO
    I said bar.
BAR

2.2 执行结果(此处使用IDEA执行)

E:\Ruby27-x64\bin\ruby.exe F:/IdeaProjects/my-jooq/my-ruby/multi_line_string.rb
    这是第一种方式创建here document 。
    多行字符串。
    这是第二种方式创建here document 。
    多行字符串。
    echo hi there
    echo lo there
    I said foo.
    I said bar.

Process finished with exit code 0

 3. begin、end语法

3.1 begin_end.rb脚本内容

#!/usr/bin/ruby

# frozen_string_literal: true

puts '这是主 Ruby 程序'

at_exit do
  puts '停止 Ruby 程序'
end

# 避免使用
BEGIN {
  puts '初始化 Ruby 程序'
}

3.2 执行结果

E:\Ruby27-x64\bin\ruby.exe F:/IdeaProjects/my-jooq/my-ruby/begin_end.rb
初始化 Ruby 程序
这是主 Ruby 程序
停止 Ruby 程序

Process finished with exit code 0

4. 数据类型

4.1 data_typy.rb脚本内容

#!/usr/bin/ruby

# frozen_string_literal: true

# 整形
a1 = 123
# puts不带回车换行符
print(a1)
a2 = 123_455
print(' ')
print(a2)

a3 = 1_123_455
print(' ')
print(a3)
print(' ')

# 浮点型
f3 = 1_000_000.1
puts f3

message = format('Processing of the data has finished in %<time>d seconds',
                 time: 5)
# puts带回车换行符
puts message
# 多个参数
puts format('a1: %<first>d, a2: %<second>d', first: a1, second: a2)

puts format('%<first>d %<second>d', first: 20, second: 10)

puts "相乘 : #{24 * 60 * 60}"

name = 'Ruby'
puts (name + ', ok').to_s

# 数组
arr = ['abc', 123, 3.1415, 'efg', 'last']
arr.each do |i|
  puts i
end

# hash
colors = { red: 0xf00, green: 0x0f0, blue: 0x00f }
colors.each do |key, value|
  print key, ' is ', value, "\n"
end

# 范围
(10..15).each { |n| print n, ' ' }

4.2 执行结果

E:\Ruby27-x64\bin\ruby.exe F:/IdeaProjects/my-jooq/my-ruby/data_typy.rb
123 123455 1123455 1000000.1
Processing of the data has finished in 5 seconds
a1: 123, a2: 123455
20 10
相乘 : 86400
Ruby, ok
abc
123
3.1415
efg
last
red is 3840
green is 240
blue is 15
10 11 12 13 14 15
Process finished with exit code 0

5. 类和对象

5.1 class_and_object.rb脚本内容

#!/usr/bin/ruby

# frozen_string_literal: true

# 类上必须加注释，否则提示警告：
# RuboCop: Missing top-level class documentation comment. [Style/Documentation]
class Person
  attr_reader :name, :age
  # 定义实例方法
  def hello
    puts 'Hello Ruby'
  end
end

# 不带参数创建对象
person = Person.new
puts person
# 调用实例方法
person.hello

# 消费者类继承人类
class Customer < Person

  # @@ 开头的是类变量，初始化类变量
  @@count = 0
  # class_variable_set(:@@count, 0)

  # 调用带参数的类的 new 方法时执行
  def initialize(id, name, addr)
    # @ 开头的是实例变量
    @cust_id = id
    @cust_name = name
    @cust_addr = addr
  end

  def self.count
    @@count
  end

  def display_details
    puts "Customer id #{@cust_id}"
    puts "Customer name #{@cust_name}"
    puts "Customer address #{@cust_addr}"
  end

  def self.total_count
    @@count += 1
    puts "Total number of customers: #{@@count}"
  end

end

# 带参数创建对象
cust1 = Customer.new('1', 'zhangsan', '北京')
cust2 = Customer.new('2', 'lisi', '深圳')
puts cust1.display_details, Customer.total_count,
     cust2.display_details, Customer.total_count

5.2 执行结果

E:\Ruby27-x64\bin\ruby.exe F:/IdeaProjects/my-jooq/my-ruby/class_and_object.rb
#<Person:0x0000000006407670>
Hello Ruby
Customer id 1
Customer name zhangsan
Customer address 北京
Total number of customers: 1
Customer id 2
Customer name lisi
Customer address 深圳
Total number of customers: 2





Process finished with exit code 0

6. 循环

6.1 cycle.rb脚本文件内容

#!/usr/bin/ruby

# frozen_string_literal: true

# while 语句
m1 = 0
while m1 < 5
  puts("Inside the loop m1 = #{m1}")
  m1 += 1
end

puts
# while 修饰符
m2 = 0
begin
  puts("Inside the loop m2 = #{m2}")
  m2 += 1
end while m2 < 5

puts
# until 修饰符
m3 = 0
begin
  puts("Inside the loop m3 = #{m3}")
  m3 += 1
end until m3 >= 5

puts
m4 = 0

# until 语句
until m4 >= 5
  puts("Inside the loop m4 = #{m4}")
  m4 += 1
end

# for 语句
puts
(0..5).each do |m5|
  puts "The value of the local variable m5 is #{m5}"
end

# each 语句
puts
(0..5).each do |m6|
  puts "The value of the local variable m6 is #{m6}"
end

# break 语句
puts
(0..5).each do |m7|
  break if m7 > 2

  puts "The value of the local variable m7 is #{m7}"
end

# next 语句
puts
(0..5).each do |m8|
  next if m8 < 3

  puts "The value of the local variable m8 is #{m8}"
end

# redo 语句
puts
i = 0
(0..5).each do |m9|
  break if i == 5

  puts "The value of the local variable m9 is #{m9}"
  if m9 == 3
    i += 1
    redo
  end
end

# retry 语句
puts
n = 0
begin
  (0..5).each do |m10|
    break if n == 3

    raise 'A test exception.' if m10 == 3

    puts "The value of the local variable m10 is #{m10}"
  end
rescue StandardError
  n += 1
  retry
end

6.2 执行结果

E:\Ruby27-x64\bin\ruby.exe F:/IdeaProjects/my-jooq/my-ruby/cycle.rb
Inside the loop m1 = 0
Inside the loop m1 = 1
Inside the loop m1 = 2
Inside the loop m1 = 3
Inside the loop m1 = 4

Inside the loop m2 = 0
Inside the loop m2 = 1
Inside the loop m2 = 2
Inside the loop m2 = 3
Inside the loop m2 = 4

Inside the loop m3 = 0
Inside the loop m3 = 1
Inside the loop m3 = 2
Inside the loop m3 = 3
Inside the loop m3 = 4

Inside the loop m4 = 0
Inside the loop m4 = 1
Inside the loop m4 = 2
Inside the loop m4 = 3
Inside the loop m4 = 4

The value of the local variable m5 is 0
The value of the local variable m5 is 1
The value of the local variable m5 is 2
The value of the local variable m5 is 3
The value of the local variable m5 is 4
The value of the local variable m5 is 5

The value of the local variable m6 is 0
The value of the local variable m6 is 1
The value of the local variable m6 is 2
The value of the local variable m6 is 3
The value of the local variable m6 is 4
The value of the local variable m6 is 5

The value of the local variable m7 is 0
The value of the local variable m7 is 1
The value of the local variable m7 is 2

The value of the local variable m8 is 3
The value of the local variable m8 is 4
The value of the local variable m8 is 5

The value of the local variable m9 is 0
The value of the local variable m9 is 1
The value of the local variable m9 is 2
The value of the local variable m9 is 3
The value of the local variable m9 is 3
The value of the local variable m9 is 3
The value of the local variable m9 is 3
The value of the local variable m9 is 3

The value of the local variable m10 is 0
The value of the local variable m10 is 1
The value of the local variable m10 is 2
The value of the local variable m10 is 0
The value of the local variable m10 is 1
The value of the local variable m10 is 2
The value of the local variable m10 is 0
The value of the local variable m10 is 1
The value of the local variable m10 is 2

Process finished with exit code 0

7. 条件判断

7.1 conditional_judgment.rb脚本内容

#!/usr/bin/ruby

# frozen_string_literal: true

# if...else 语句
x1 = 1
if x1 > 2
  puts 'x1 is greater than 2'
elsif (x1 <= 2) && (x1 != 0)
  puts 'x1 is 1'
else
  puts "I can't guess the number"
end

# if 修饰符
x2 = 1
print "x2=#{x2}\n" if x2

# unless 语句
x3 = 1
unless x3 > 2
  puts 'x3 is less than 2'
else
  puts 'x3 is greater than 2'
end

# unless 修饰符 如果 conditional 为假，则执行 code
x4 =  1
print "1 -- Value is set\n" if x4
print "2 -- Value is set\n" unless x4

x5 = false
print "3 -- Value is set\n" unless x5

# case 语句
age = 5
case age
when 0..2
  puts 'baby'
when 3..6
  puts 'little child'
when 7..12
  puts 'child'
when 13..18
  puts 'youth'
else
  puts 'adult'
end

7.2 执行结果

E:\Ruby27-x64\bin\ruby.exe F:/IdeaProjects/my-jooq/my-ruby/conditional_judgment.rb
x1 is 1
x2=1
x3 is less than 2
1 -- Value is set
3 -- Value is set
little child

Process finished with exit code 0