单测和反射

Junit单测

参考代码

arduino

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public class Student {   private String name;   private int age;   private double score; ​   public Student() {   } ​   public Student(String name, int age, double score) {       // 姓名检查       checkName(name);       this.name = name; ​       // 年龄检查       checkAge(age);       this.age = age;       checkScore(score);       this.score = score;   } ​   public String getName() {       return name;   } ​   public void setName(String name) {       // 改代码       checkName(name);       this.name = name;   } ​   public int getAge() {       return age;   } ​   public void setAge(int age) {       checkAge(age);       this.age = age;   } ​   public double getScore() {       return score;   } ​   public void setScore(double score) {       checkScore(score);       this.score = score;   } ​   private void checkName(String name) {       if (name == null) {           throw new IllegalArgumentException("名字不能为空");       }       if (name.length() > 4 || name.length() < 2) {           throw new IllegalArgumentException("名字必须2~4个字");       }   } ​   private void checkAge(int age) {       if (age > 100 || age < 15) {           throw new IllegalArgumentException("年龄需要在15到100岁");       }   } ​   private void checkScore(double score) {       if (score > 100 || score < 0) {           throw new IllegalArgumentException("成绩大于等于0，小于等于100");       }   } ​   @Override   public String toString() {       return "Student{" +               "name='" + name + ''' +               ", age=" + age +               ", score=" + score +               '}';   } }

java

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package com.itheima.d1_junit; ​ import org.junit.Assert; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.function.ThrowingRunnable; ​ public class StudentTest { ​   /*     * 分开写，每种情况分为一个测试方法     * */   @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)   public void testException1() {       // 1. 列举所有可能的异常创建学生对象情况 (name)       Student s2 = new Student(null, 18, 100);   } ​   @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)   public void testException2() {       // 1. 列举所有可能的异常创建学生对象情况 (name)       Student s3 = new Student("坤", 18, 100);   } ​   @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)   public void testException3() {       // 1. 列举所有可能的异常创建学生对象情况 (name)       Student s4 = new Student("张三李四王五田七", 18, 100);   } ​   @Test   public void testNormalStudentName() {       // 要求：学生名字不能为空，名字必须2~4个字 ​       // 1. 列举所有可能已经创建出的学生对象       Student s1 = new Student("张三", 18, 100); ​       // 2. 使用Assert分别对创建的几个对象进行要求判断       Assert.assertNotNull(s1.getName()); // 判断一个对象不为空       int length = s1.getName().length();       Assert.assertTrue((length >= 2 && length <= 4));   } ​ ​   /*     * 写在一个测试方法中     * */   @Test()   public void testStudentName() {       // 要求：学生名字不能为空，名字必须2~4个字       /*         * 第一部分：测试正常的创建         * */       // 1. 列举所有可能已经创建出的学生对象       Student s1 = new Student("张三", 18, 100); ​       // 2. 使用Assert分别对创建的几个对象进行要求判断       Assert.assertNotNull(s1.getName()); // 判断一个对象不为空       int length = s1.getName().length();       Assert.assertTrue((length >= 2 && length <= 4)); ​       /*         * 第二部分：测试异常的创建         * */       Assert.assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {           new Student(null, 18, 100);       });       Assert.assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {           new Student("坤", 18, 100);       });       Assert.assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {           new Student("张三李四王五田七", 18, 100);       }); ​   } ​   @Test   public void testStudentAge() {       // 年龄是15到100岁       Student s1 = new Student("张三", 20, 100); ​       // 验证正常写法下，年龄是否有问题       Assert.assertTrue(s1.getAge() > 15 && s1.getAge() < 100); ​       // 验证创建不符合年龄要求的对象，       // 是否会抛出预期的IllegalArgumentException异常       Assert.assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, new ThrowingRunnable() {           @Override           public void run() throws Throwable {               new Student("张三", 10, 100);           }       }); ​       Assert.assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,               () -> new Student("张三", 200, 100));   } ​ ​   @Test   public void testStudentScore() {       // 成绩大于等于0，小于等于100       Student s1 = new Student("张三", 20, 80); ​       // 验证正常写法下，年龄是否有问题       Assert.assertTrue(s1.getScore() >= 0 && s1.getScore() <= 100); ​       // 验证创建不符合年龄要求的对象，       // 是否会抛出预期的IllegalArgumentException异常       Assert.assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, new ThrowingRunnable() {           @Override           public void run() throws Throwable {               new Student("张三", 50, -100);           }       }); ​       Assert.assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,               () -> new Student("张三", 50, 300)); ​   } }

@Before & @After

csharp

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public class JunitTest3 {   private FileInputStream is; ​   @Before   public void testBefore() throws FileNotFoundException {       // junit测试中，相对路径是从模块下的src目录开始       is = new FileInputStream("src\com\itheima\qqq.txt");   } ​   @After   public void testAfter() throws IOException {       is.close();   } ​   @Test   public void test1() throws IOException {       int len;       while ((len = is.read()) != -1) {           System.out.print((char) len);       }   } ​   @Test   public void test2() throws IOException {       byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];       int len;       while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {           String s = new String(buffer, 0, len);           System.out.println(s);       }   } ​ ​   @Test   public void test3() {       System.out.println("我啥也没干");   } }

反射的第一个框架

ini

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public class objectFrame {   public static void saveObjectToFile(Object obj) throws IllegalAccessException, IOException {       Properties properties = new Properties();       Class<?> clazz = obj.getClass();       Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();       for (Field field : fields) {           //禁用权限检测           field.setAccessible(true);           //获取变量名           String name = field.getName();           String value = String.valueOf(field.get(obj));           properties.setProperty(name,value);       }       String fileName =clazz.getSimpleName()+ "_store.properties";       properties.store(new FileWriter(fileName),null);   } } //使用反射技术：设计一个保存对象的简易框架 public class objectFrameTest {   public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, IllegalAccessException {       Cat c = new Cat("喵喵喵", 3);       objectFrame.saveObjectToFile(c);       Student s = new Student("张的",3);       objectFrame.saveObjectToFile(s);   } }

创建反射的三种方式

Class c1 = Student.class; System.out.println(c1.getName()); //获取全类名 System.out.println(c1.getSimpleName()); //获取简单类名

ini

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  Class c2 = Class.forName("com.itheima.d2_reflect.Student");   System.out.println(c1 == c2); //true       Student s = new Student();   Class c3 = s.getClass();   System.out.println(c2 == c3); //true

使用反射技术做到，不修改Student类的前提下

1. 创建Student对象

2. 分别为Student对象的name、age、score赋值

3. 分别执行run、study方法

   public class Student { private String name; private int age; private double score;

   csharp

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   private Student() { } ​ private void run() {   System.out.println("学生下课干饭跑得飞快"); } ​ private void study(String bookName) {   System.out.println("学生在看" + bookName + "书"); } ​ @Override public String toString() {   return "Student{" +           "name='" + name + ''' +           ", age=" + age +           ", score=" + score +           '}'; }

   } public class StudentTest { @Test public void test1() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchFieldException { Class clazz = Student.class; Constructor declaredConstructor = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(); declaredConstructor.setAccessible(true); Student student = declaredConstructor.newInstance(); Field name = clazz.getDeclaredField("name"); name.setAccessible(true); name.set(student,"小明"); Field age = clazz.getDeclaredField("age"); age.setAccessible(true); age.set(student,3); System.out.println(student); Method run = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("run"); run.setAccessible(true); run.invoke(student); Method study = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("study", String.class); study.setAccessible(true); study.invoke(student,"漫画"); } }

   注解

   1. 创建注解AllTest，并且AllTest注解只能修饰在类、接口上
   2. AllTest注解 保留周期为运行时期
   3. 通过反射实现：执行被AllTest注解修饰的那个类的所有方法
   4. 测试类验证

@Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD}) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) public @interface AllTest {

} public class AllTestdemo { @AllTest public void test1(){ System.out.println("方法1执行了"); } @AllTest public void test2(){ System.out.println(1+2); } }

public class AllTestdemo { @AllTest public void test1(){ System.out.println("方法1执行了"); } @AllTest public void test2(){ System.out.println(1+2); } }

反射和properties综合

Person类如下

arduino

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public class Person {   private String username;   private String password;   private String name;   private int age; ​   private Person(String username, String password, String name, int age) {       this.username = username;       this.password = password;       this.name = name;       this.age = age;   } ​   @Override   public String toString() {       return "Person{" +               "username='" + username + ''' +               ", password='" + password + ''' +               ", name='" + name + ''' +               ", age=" + age +             '}';   } }

在不修改Person类的前提下，读取conf.properties文件中的内容，使用反射技术创建对应的对象并赋值，最终打印对象信息

conf.properties文件内容参考

(注意className的内容写类的全限定名，可以不和参考内容完全一致)

ini

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className=com.itheima.d2_reflect.demo1.Person username=zs password=123456 name=zhangsan age=18

程序运行结果参考：

ini

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通过配置文件创建了对象,并赋值结果是:Person{username='zs', password='123456', name='zhangsan', age=18}

ini

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public class Test { @org.junit.Test   public void test() throws IOException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException {   Properties properties = new Properties();   properties.load(new FileReader("D:\develop\code\javase\day16\src\com\it\Demo4\conf.properties"));   String username = properties.getProperty("username");   String password = properties.getProperty("password");   String name = properties.getProperty("name");   int age = Integer.parseInt(properties.getProperty("age"));   String className = properties.getProperty("className");   Class personClass = Class.forName(className);   Constructor<Peoson> constructor = personClass.           getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, String.class, String.class, int.class);   constructor.setAccessible(true);   Peoson peoson = constructor.newInstance(username, password, name, age);   System.out.println(peoson); } }