正则表达式
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规则表达式，计算机科学的一个基础概念
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用事先定义好的一些特点字符，及这些特点字符的组合，组成一个“规则字符串”
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作用
– 测试字符串内的模式
– 识别，替换文本
–提取文本 -
正则表达式独立于特点语言
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正则表达式的匹配模板
– 定界符
– 原子
– 特殊功能字符（元字符）
– 模式修正符
Java的正则表达式
java.util.regex包
- Pattern类， 正则表达式的编译表示
– compile 编译一个正则表达式为Pattern对象
– matcher 用Pattern对象匹配一个字符串，返回匹配结果 - Matcher
– Index Methods（位置方法）//start(),start(int group),end(),end(int group)
– Study Methods（查找方法）//lookingAt(),find(),find(int start),matches()
– Replacement Methods（替换方法）//replaceAll(String replacement)
package regex;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
public class MatcherDemo {
private static final String REGEX = "\\bdog\\b"; //\b表示边界 正则表达式规则
private static final String INPUT = "dog dog dog doggie dogg";
public static void main(String[] args) {
//检查字符串里面有多少个dog
Pattern p = Pattern.compile(REGEX);
Matcher m = p.matcher(INPUT);
int count = 0;
while (m.find()) {
count++;
System.out.println("Match number " + count);
System.out.println("start(): " + m.start());
System.out.println("end(): " + m.end());
}
}
}
//输出
Match number 1
start(): 0
end(): 3
Match number 2
start(): 4
end(): 7
Match number 3
start(): 8
end(): 11
// matcher.lookingAt(); //部分匹配
// matcher.matches(); //完全匹配
package regex;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
public class MatchesLooking {
private static final String REGEX = "foo";
private static final String INPUT =
"foooooooo";
private static Pattern pattern;
private static Matcher matcher;
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Initialize
pattern = Pattern.compile(REGEX);
matcher = pattern.matcher(INPUT);
System.out.println("Current REGEX is: "
+ REGEX);
System.out.println("Current INPUT is: "
+ INPUT);
System.out.println("lookingAt(): "
+ matcher.lookingAt()); //部分匹配
System.out.println("matches(): "
+ matcher.matches()); //完全匹配
}
}
//输出
Current REGEX is: foo
Current INPUT is: foooooooo
lookingAt(): true
matches(): false
替换文本实现
public class RegexDemo {
private static String REGEX = "a*b"; //*表示限定前面的a可以有0或者多个。
private static String INPUT = "aabfooaabfooabfoobcdd";
private static String REPLACE = "-";
public static void main(String[] args) {
Pattern p = Pattern.compile(REGEX);
Matcher m = p.matcher(INPUT); // get a matcher object
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
//全部替换
while(m.find()){
m.appendReplacement(sb,REPLACE);
}
//将最后的尾巴字符串附加上
m.appendTail(sb);
System.out.println(sb.toString());
}
}
//输出
-foo-foo-foo-cdd
package regex;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
public class ReplaceDemo {
private static String REGEX = "dog";
private static String INPUT =
"The dog says meow. All dogs say meow.";
private static String REPLACE = "cat";
public static void main(String[] args) {
Pattern p = Pattern.compile(REGEX);
// get a matcher object
Matcher m = p.matcher(INPUT);
INPUT = m.replaceAll(REPLACE); //把所有的dog都换成cat
System.out.println(INPUT);
}
}
//输出
The cat says meow. All cats say meow.
//邮箱的判断
package regex;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
public class RegexTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
regularExpression();
}
public static void regularExpression() {
String REGEX_EMAIL = "^\\w+((-\\w+)|(\\.\\w+))*@[A-Za-z0-9]+(([.\\-])[A-Za-z0-9]+)*\\.[A-Za-z0-9]+$";//email
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(REGEX_EMAIL);
String[] emails = new String[]{"123^@qq.com", "name_321@163.com", "+whatever*72@gmail.com"};
for(String email : emails) {
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(email);
if (matcher.matches()) {
System.out.println(email + " is valid email.");
} else {
System.out.println(email + " is not valid email.");
}
}
}
/输出
123^@qq.com is not valid email.
name_321@163.com is valid email.
+whatever*72@gmail.com is not valid email.
其他字符串操作
字符串和集合的互转
[1,2,3]—— “1,2,3”
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Scanner;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
/**
* 采用Apache Commons Lang 来完成字符串和集合转化
* @author Tom
*
*/
public class String2List {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> names = new LinkedList<String>();
names.add("Xiaohong");
names.add("Xiaoming");
names.add("Daming");
names.add("Xiaohei");
//从ArrayList变到字符串
String str1 = String.join(",", names); //String.join， JDK 8 引入
System.out.println(str1);
String str2 = StringUtils.join(names, ","); //Apache Commons Lang 这个Jar包 的方法，功能一样
System.out.println(str2);
//从字符串变回ArrayList
List<String> names2 = Arrays.asList(str2.split(","));
for(String name:names2)
{
System.out.println(name);
}
//StringUtils 可以支持更多数据类型
List<Integer> ids = new ArrayList<Integer>();
ids.add(1);
ids.add(3);
ids.add(5);
String str3 = StringUtils.join(ids, ",");
System.out.println(str3);
}
}
//输出
Xiaohong,Xiaoming,Daming,Xiaohei
Xiaohong,Xiaoming,Daming,Xiaohei
Xiaohong
Xiaoming
Daming
Xiaohei
1,3,5
字符串转义
对关键字符转义
Apache Commons Lang 功能
import org.apache.commons.text.StringEscapeUtils;
/**
* 采用Apache Commons Text 完成字符转义
* @author Tom
*
*/
p
ublic class EscapeString {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "He didn't say, \"Stop!\"";
//转义
String escapedStr = StringEscapeUtils.escapeJava(str);
System.out.println("escape" + ":" + escapedStr);
//从转义字符串转回来
String str2 = StringEscapeUtils.unescapeJava(escapedStr);
System.out.println("unescape" + ":" + str2);
}
}
//输出
escape:He didn't say, \"Stop!\"
unescape:He didn't say, "Stop!"
变量名字格式化
名字驼峰命名
第三方库，Guava包功能
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import com.google.common.base.CaseFormat;
import com.google.common.base.Splitter;
import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
/**
* 采用Google Guava进行字符串处理
* @author Tom
*
*/
public class GuavaUtil {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
list.add(123);
list.add(456);
System.out.println(list);
//直接初始化List数组
List<Integer> integers = Lists.newArrayList(123, 456);
System.out.println(integers);
//拆分字符串，忽略空字符串
Iterable<String> split = Splitter.on(',')
.trimResults() //空格去掉
.omitEmptyStrings()
.split("123,321,, abc");
for (String s : split) {
System.out.println(s);
}
//驼峰命名
String s1 = "CONSTANT_NAME";
String s2 = CaseFormat.UPPER_UNDERSCORE.to(CaseFormat.LOWER_CAMEL, s1);
System.out.println(s2); //constantName;
//如果用String.split功能，需要写这些代码，把空格删掉
String a = "123,321,, abc";
String[] as = a.split(",");
for(int i=0;i<as.length;i++)
{
if(null == as[i] || as[i].length()<=0)
{
continue;
}
else
{
System.out.println(as[i].trim());
}
}
}
}
//输出
[123, 456]
[123, 456]
123
321
abc
constantName
123
321
abc
字符串输入流
- 将字符串转为一个输入流
- 输入流可以定义为Scanner，这是OJ平台原理
import org.apache.commons.io.Charsets;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Scanner;
/**
* 采用Apache Commons IO 完成字符串转成字符流
* @author Tom
*
*/
public class String2InputStream {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//构造字符串列表
List<String> names = new LinkedList<String>();
names.add("Xiaohong");
names.add("Xiaoming");
names.add("Daming");
names.add("Xiaohei");
//合并为一个字符串，以逗号相连
String nameStr = String.join(",",names);
//将字符串作为默认的输入流
InputStream in = IOUtils.toInputStream(nameStr, Charsets.toCharset("UTF-8"));
//重置系统的输入流
System.setIn(in);
//模拟键盘输入 这也是OJ平台测试用例输入的原理
//此处也可以换成一个文件输入流
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
sc.useDelimiter(",");
while(sc.hasNext())
{
System.out.println(sc.next());
}
}
}
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