Python_定义类并详细讲解

类的继承

1.私有属性不能被继承
例：

			class Animal(object):
				def __init__(self, name='animal', color='white'):
					self.__name = name
					self.__color = color
				def __del__(self):
					print('啊。。。。。。')
			class Dog(Animal):
				def __del__(self):
					print(self.__name)
			dog = Dog(name='旺财')
			print(dog)

2.私有方法不能被继承
例：

			class Animal(object):
				def __init__(self, name='animal', color='white'):
					self.name = name
					self.color = color
				def __showName(self):
					print(self.name)
			class Dog(Animal):
				def test(self):
					self.__showName()
			one = Dog(name='旺财')
			one.test()

3.调用父类的方法
例：

			class Animal(object):
				def __init__(self, name='animal', color='white'):
					self.name = name
					self.color = color
				def test(self):
					print('啊。。。。。。。。。')
				
			class Cat(Animal):
				def test1(self):
					super().test()
					Animal.test(self)
			one = Cat(name='wangcai')
			one.test1()

4.多继承–>广度遍历寻找方法
1) 广度遍历
2) 深度遍历

例：

				class Base(object):
					def test(self):
						print('----------base test---------')
				class A(base):
					def testA(self):
						print('----------A test------------')
					def test(self):
						print('-----------A test------------')
				class B(Base):
					def testB(self):
						print('------------B test-------')
					def test(self):
						print('------------B test-----------')
				class C(A,B):
					pass
				c = C()
				c.test()		
				# 查看搜索顺序
				print(c.__mro__())

5.类对象---->类属性
实例对象---->实例属性
例

				class Animal(object):
					def __init__(self, name='animal', color='white'):
						self.name = name	#实例属性
						self.color = color
				class Hourse(Animal):	#类对象
					hourseNum = 0	#类属性
					def __init__(self, name='')	#实例方法:
						super().__init__(name)
						self.setHoursenum()
					@classmethed	#类方法
					def setHoursenum(cls):
						hourseNum += 1
				汗血宝马 = Hourse(name='汗血宝马')
				print(Hourse.hourseNum)
				赤兔马 = Hourse(name='赤兔马')
				print(赤兔马.hourseNum)

6.Try-except
例：

			class InShortError(Exception):
				def __init__(self, length, least):
					self.length = length
					self.least = least
			try:
				s = input("请输入：")
				if len(s) <3:
					raise InShortError(len(s),3)
			except IOError as IO:
				print(IO)
			except (NameError,InShortError):
				print("请输入更多！")
			else:
				print(“没有问题。")
			finally:
				print("Close.......................")

7.定义类中的静态方法

class Test(object):
	testNum = 0
	@staticmethod	#区别于类方法@classmethod
	def Cacu():	#括号中不添加任何事物
		Test.testNum+=1	#直接通过类名调用类属性，与类方法cls.testNum不同，作用相同
		return	Test.testNum